我国生态旅游环境保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 07:01

【摘要】： 随着旅游业的发展,人类的旅游活动对生态环境产生了一些不良影响,引发了一系列环境问题。为了保护生态旅游环境,贯彻可持续发展思想,人们提出了生态旅游的概念,期望通过这种旅游方式改变旅游业破坏生态环境的现状。但是,由于缺少相应的法律规范,生态旅游标签被滥用,成为一种盲目的“旅游时尚”,未能充分发挥其环境保护作用。法律是生态旅游环境保护的重要手段,本文从环境法的视角,综合运用法理论证、实证分析、中外比较等方法,分析我国现有的涉及生态旅游环境保护的法律规范,提出了修改完善建议,并阐述对生态旅游环境保护法体系的构建设计。生态旅游在我国只有十几年的发展历史,对其定义和内涵学界的观点还不是特别一致,一些国际组织和学者对生态旅游有不同的阐述。笔者认为:生态旅游是以生态学原则和可持续发展思想为指导,以自然生态环境和相关文化区域为场所,让旅游者在体验、了解、欣赏自然和文化的同时受到环境教育,谋求人与自然的和谐共处,实现旅游资源的可持续利用和旅游业的可持续发展的一种旅游形式。生态旅游的本意是在不破坏生态环境的前提下开展旅游活动,但是在实践中,生态旅游还是引发了环境污染和破坏、生态系统退化和自然人文景观价值减损等环境问题。因此,必须加强环境法对生态旅游活动的调整和规范。生态旅游环境保护法是指调整在生态旅游资源开发、利用、保护、管理活动中形成的社会关系的法律规范,属于环境资源法的范畴。生态旅游环境保护法是实现生态旅游发展目标的重要保障。我国的宪法、法律、行政法规、部门规章和地方性法规中都有涉及生态旅游环境保护的规定,但是存在管理体制混乱、法律不成体系、立法滞后、内容过于原则化、缺乏相应的程序法等问题。国际社会在生态旅游环境保护方面进行了很多努力,成立了一些生态旅游环境保护国际组织、发表了有关国际宣言、签定了一些国际公约、协定等。国外在生态旅游环境保护方面的很多措施值得我们学习和借鉴,如美国的生态旅游自然资源法律保护措施和日本的生态旅游资源保护制度。因此,我国应加强和完善生态旅游环境保护法律制度的构建:一是理清产权关系,理顺管理体制;二是加强立法工作,建立生态旅游环境保护法体系。笔者认为:生态旅游环境保护法体系应包括生态旅游环境保护基本法、涉及生态旅游的资源环境保护法、相关的部门法和地方性生态旅游环境保护法规。其中生态旅游环境保护基本法是重点,这部法律应明确立法指导思想,确立生态旅游环境保护的基本原则、基本制度及相关主体的环境法律责任。
[Abstract]:With the development of tourism, human tourism activities have had some adverse effects on the ecological environment and caused a series of environmental problems. In order to protect the environment of ecotourism and carry out the thought of sustainable development, people put forward the concept of ecotourism and hope to change the present situation of destroying the ecological environment by this kind of tourism. However, due to the lack of corresponding laws and regulations, eco-tourism labels have been abused and become a blind "tourism fashion", which fails to give full play to its environmental protection role. Law is an important means of eco-tourism environmental protection. This paper, from the perspective of environmental law, comprehensively applies the methods of legal argumentation, empirical analysis and comparison between China and foreign countries to analyze the existing legal norms concerning the protection of eco-tourism environment in China. This paper puts forward some suggestions for modification and perfection, and expounds the construction and design of eco-tourism environment protection law system. Ecotourism has only a history of more than ten years in our country. The definition and connotation of ecotourism are not the same in academic circles. Some international organizations and scholars have different expositions on ecotourism. The author holds that ecotourism is guided by ecological principles and sustainable development thoughts, and takes natural ecological environment and related cultural areas as the place, so that tourists can receive environmental education while experiencing, understanding and appreciating nature and culture. It is a form of tourism to seek harmonious coexistence between man and nature and to realize the sustainable utilization of tourism resources and the sustainable development of tourism. The original intention of ecotourism is to carry out tourism activities without destroying the ecological environment, but in practice, ecotourism still causes environmental problems, such as environmental pollution and destruction, ecosystem degradation and loss of value of natural human landscape. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the adjustment and regulation of environmental law to ecotourism activities. Eco-tourism environmental protection law refers to the regulation of social relations formed in the development, utilization, protection and management of eco-tourism resources, which belongs to the category of environmental resources law. The environmental protection law of ecotourism is an important guarantee to realize the development goal of ecotourism. The constitution, laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules and local regulations of our country all have provisions concerning the protection of the eco-tourism environment, but there is confusion in the management system, the law is not systematic, the legislation is lagging behind, and the content is too principled. Lack of corresponding procedural law and other problems. The international community has made a lot of efforts in the protection of the ecotourism environment, established a number of international organizations for the protection of the ecotourism environment, issued relevant international declarations, signed some international conventions and agreements, and so on. Many foreign measures in the field of eco-tourism environmental protection are worthy of our study and reference, such as the legal protection measures of ecotourism natural resources in the United States and the eco-tourism resources protection system in Japan. Therefore, our country should strengthen and perfect the construction of the legal system of eco-tourism environmental protection: first, to clarify the relationship between property rights and to straighten out the management system; second, to strengthen the legislative work and establish the eco-tourism environment protection law system. The author holds that the eco-tourism environmental protection system should include the basic law of eco-tourism environmental protection, the protection of resources and environment related to ecotourism, the relevant laws and regulations on the protection of local eco-tourism environment. The basic law of eco-tourism environmental protection is the key. This law should make clear the guiding ideology of legislation, establish the basic principles of eco-tourism environmental protection, the basic system and the environmental legal responsibility of related subjects.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.29

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