我国森林生态效益补偿法律关系分析

发布时间：2018-11-16 16:23

【摘要】： 森林生态效益补偿法律关系是基于森林生态效益外部性特征和环境公平价值追求而产生的新型法律关系。其内涵是指:森林生态效益补偿主体对提供森林生态效益者,以及为保护森林资源提供森林生态效益做出特别牺牲者在进行森林生态效益补偿过程中,根据森林生态效益补偿相关法律法规所形成的以补偿义务和补偿权利为内容的社会关系。依据现有立法,我国森林生态效益补偿法律关系是一种行政补偿关系,具有明显的科学性、价值的多元性、强烈的国家意志性、较强的公益性和基础的特殊性等特点。这些特点使森林生态效益补偿法律关系区别于森林生态效益赔偿法律关系和林业经营补贴法律关系。由于立法不完善,我国森林生态效益补偿法律关系目前仍存在着性质不清、主体界定不明确、内容单一等不足之处,造成森林生态效益补偿法律关系运行不畅。相比较而言,瑞典、美国、日本等国家的森林生态效益补偿立法较为完善,森林生态效益补偿法律关系运行比较成功。其中美国采用政府与森林资源所有者签订补偿协议的方式运行森林生态效益补偿法律关系,日本采用森林所有者向政府提出行政补偿申请的方式运行森林生态效益补偿法律关系,瑞典兼而采之。通过借鉴瑞典、美国、日本森林生态效益补偿法律关系的运行经验,笔者如此界定森林生态效益补偿法律关系的构成:我国的森林生态效益补偿法律关系补偿主体应当包括国家、受益者和社会成员三类,受偿主体不仅仅包括森林资源所有者和经营者,而且应当包括为了保护森林资源提供生态效益而做出特别牺牲的人群。森林生态效益补偿法律关系的客体是补偿主体向受偿主体支付补偿金的给付行为和受偿主体依法或按约定保护森林资源,提供生态效益的行为。森林生态效益补偿法律关系的内容既可以依照法律法规确定,也可以补偿主体和受偿主体通过协商确定,但不得违反法律的强制性规定。森林生态效益补偿法律关系的运行是将抽象的森林生态效益补偿法律关系转化为实际的权利义务之载体。要确保森林生态效益补偿法律关系运行的顺畅,必须明确划定公益林,制定科学合理的补偿标准,同时还应当从立法目的、法律责任等方面完善相关立法,为森林生态效益补偿法律关系运行提供保障
[Abstract]:The legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation is a new kind of legal relationship based on the externality of forest ecological benefit and the pursuit of environmental equity value. Its connotation means that the main body of forest ecological benefit compensates the person who provides forest ecological benefit, and the special victim of providing forest ecological benefit for protecting forest resources in the process of forest ecological benefit compensation. According to the relevant laws and regulations of forest ecological benefit compensation, social relations are formed with compensation obligation and compensation right as the content. According to the existing legislation, the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation in China is a kind of administrative compensation relationship, which has the characteristics of obvious science, diversity of value, strong national will, strong public welfare and particularity of foundation, etc. These characteristics distinguish the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation from that of forest ecological benefit compensation and forestry management subsidy. Due to the imperfection of legislation, the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation in our country still has some shortcomings, such as unclear nature, unclear definition of the subject, single content, etc., which results in the unsmooth operation of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation. Comparatively speaking, the legislation of forest ecological benefit compensation in Sweden, the United States, Japan and other countries is relatively perfect, and the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation is relatively successful. Among them, the United States uses the way that the government and the owner of forest resources sign a compensation agreement to run the legal relationship of compensation for forest ecological benefits. In Japan, forest owners apply to the government for administrative compensation to run the legal relationship of forest ecological benefits compensation. By learning from the operational experience of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation in Sweden, the United States and Japan, The author defines the composition of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation: the main body of legal compensation for forest ecological benefit compensation in our country should include three categories: the state, the beneficiary and the social member. The subject of compensation should include not only the owners and managers of forest resources, but also the people who have made special sacrifices in order to protect the ecological benefits of forest resources. The object of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation is the behavior of the compensator paying compensation to the subject and the act of protecting forest resources and providing ecological benefit according to law or according to the agreement. The content of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation can be determined not only according to the laws and regulations, but also through consultation between the compensatory subject and the compensated subject, but not in violation of the mandatory provisions of the law. The operation of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation is the carrier of transforming the abstract legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation into actual rights and obligations. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation, it is necessary to clearly delineate public welfare forest, formulate scientific and reasonable compensation standards, and improve relevant legislation from the aspects of legislative purpose, legal liability, etc. To provide guarantee for the operation of the legal relationship of forest ecological benefit compensation
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F326.2;D922.63

【引证文献】