论我国环境执法的困境及其完善途径

发布时间：2019-01-01 12:45

【摘要】：近年来,重大环境污染事故频繁发生。2010年相继发生了江苏大丰、四川隆昌、湖南嘉禾、甘肃瓜州、湖北崇阳、安徽怀宁等9起血铅事件,以及紫金矿业污染、大连海域原油泄漏、松花江化学桶、韶关冶炼厂铊污染等严重环境事故,中国环境质量状况没有根本好转,反而在局部恶化。此外,环境影响评价预防机制失效,问责主体难落实,环境损害赔偿成空话,中国环境法治30余年以来的现实令人尴尬。而与此相对应的却是过去30年间,中国的经济高速增长,环保法律“批量产出”,环保机构不断升格,各级环保队伍逐年增加。造成这种状况的法治根源主要还是在于环境执法不力,环保法律制度并没有发挥应有的效果。环境执法的实效和环境恶化的程度都表明中国环境法律实施存在很大问题。环境执法作为环境法实施过程中的一个关键环节,在我国环境保护工作中的地位日趋重要,环境执法是否高效直接影响着环境法律法规目的能否实现。本文从环境执法环节这一视角出发,从四个部分分析中国环境执法的困境并探索相关的完善途径,即第一部分,从环境执法的相关概念、环境执法的特点、环境执法主体和相对人以及环境执法的理念等方面对环境执法做简要概述;第二部分,通过对相关案例的分析,概述中国环境执法现状及其困境分析;第三部分系统介绍美国环境执法的相关制度与特点;第四部分,借鉴美国的经验,从更新环境执法理念,强化环境保护意识;完善环境管理体制,健全环境执法机制;完善环境法制,健全环境执法手段;增强环境执法能力,加强执法队伍建设等四个方面总结探索完善中国环境执法的相关途径,促进中国环境执法早日走出困境。
[Abstract]:In recent years, major environmental pollution accidents have occurred frequently. In 2010, nine major incidents of blood lead, such as Dafeng in Jiangsu, Longchang in Sichuan, Jiahe in Hunan, Guazhou in Gansu, Chongyang in Hubei and Huining in Anhui, and the pollution of Zijin mining industry occurred one after another. Serious environmental accidents, such as oil spill in Dalian, chemical barrels in Songhua River and thallium pollution in Shaoguan smelter, have resulted in a partial deterioration rather than a fundamental improvement in China's environmental quality. In addition, the prevention mechanism of environmental impact assessment is invalid, the subject of accountability is difficult to implement, the compensation for environmental damage is empty talk, and the reality of environmental rule of law in China for more than 30 years is embarrassing. However, in the past 30 years, China's economy has grown at a high speed, environmental protection laws have been "produced in batches," environmental protection agencies have been upgraded, and environmental protection teams at all levels have increased year by year. The root of the rule of law lies in the weak enforcement of environmental law, and the legal system of environmental protection does not play its due effect. The effectiveness of environmental law enforcement and the degree of environmental deterioration indicate that there are great problems in the implementation of environmental law in China. As a key link in the implementation of environmental law, environmental law enforcement plays an increasingly important role in environmental protection in China. Whether environmental law enforcement is efficient or not directly affects whether the purpose of environmental laws and regulations can be realized. From the angle of view of environmental law enforcement, this paper analyzes the plight of environmental law enforcement in China from four parts and explores the relevant ways to perfect it, namely, the first part, from the relevant concepts of environmental law enforcement, the characteristics of environmental law enforcement, The main body and relative person of environmental law enforcement and the concept of environmental law enforcement are briefly summarized. The second part, through the analysis of relevant cases, summarizes the current situation of environmental law enforcement in China and its predicament analysis, the third part systematically introduces the relevant systems and characteristics of environmental law enforcement in the United States. The fourth part, draw lessons from the experience of the United States, from updating the concept of environmental law enforcement, strengthening the awareness of environmental protection, improving the environmental management system, improving the mechanism of environmental law enforcement, perfecting the environmental legal system, improving the means of environmental law enforcement; Strengthen the ability of environmental law enforcement, strengthen the construction of law enforcement team, sum up and explore the relevant ways to perfect China's environmental law enforcement, and promote China's environmental law enforcement to get out of the predicament at an early date.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;X321

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