中国洁净煤技术法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 03:30

【摘要】：煤炭的清洁利用在能源领域称为“洁净煤”。当前，洁净煤技术已成为世界各国解决环境问题的主导技术之一，也是高技术国际竞争的一个重要领域。在洁净煤技术领域，美国、欧盟和日本处于比较领先的地位，具有较大的技术优势。虽然中国的洁净煤技术近年来得到了快速发展，但是由于历史的原因和受到法律制度不完善的影响，中国的洁净煤技术仍然和发达工业国家有相当大的差距。中国洁净煤技术发展，需要一个涉及政治、经济、法律等环境的制度支撑。在诸多保障形式中，法律制度的保障尤为重要。将国家对洁净煤技术的相关战略和政策法律化，有助于提高制度的权威性、稳定性。通过设计合理的激励措施及其运行机制，洁净煤技术才能有规划、有目的地发展，保持高度的竞争力和长久的生命力。中国目前的能源发展状况和法制建设水平决定了洁净煤技术法制仍然存在一系列的问题，比如：还没有专门的洁净煤技术制度规划、缺乏可操作性的实施规定、激励与约束机制不完善、管理体制不科学以及配套制度建设不健全等问题。中国能源、煤炭法律制度不仅应当将对洁净煤技术研发的鼓励纳入其中，还应为洁净煤技术的推广以及洁净煤技术市场的发展提供指引和保障。具体而言，持续的财政性研发投入、知识产权保障、融资政策支持、促进技术成果转化、技术市场的建设等方面都需要合理的制度设计，以此来促进社会各方面对洁净煤技术发展的关注与支持。为了确定上述法律制度设计的合理性，需要借鉴技术先进国家的经验，并针对中国的现实，进行理论分析和现实评估。此外，还需要重视洁净煤技术法制在中国法治背景下的有效实施问题，在这方面，国家战略与规划、行政管理体制改革、洁净煤技术标准体系以及洁净煤技术国际合作等问题是至关重要的，这些相关联制度的支持有助于推动洁净煤技术从技术领域向应用领域的实现。中国是世界上最大的煤炭市场，中国有机会利用自身优势，通过科学的战略规划和有效法律制度的保障，找到发展洁净煤技术的最佳方案，并通过自身努力和国际合作，，成为洁净煤技术领域的领先者和典范，为世界能源安全以及全球环境治理贡献中国的智慧与经验。
[Abstract]:Clean use of coal in the field of energy is called "clean coal". At present, clean coal technology has become one of the leading technologies to solve environmental problems in the world, and it is also an important field of high technology international competition. In the field of clean coal technology, the United States, the European Union and Japan are in the leading position and have greater technical advantages. Although China's clean coal technology has been developed rapidly in recent years, due to historical reasons and the influence of imperfect legal system, China's clean coal technology still has a considerable gap with developed industrial countries. The development of clean coal technology in China needs a political, economic and legal environment. In many forms of protection, the protection of the legal system is particularly important. Legalizing the national strategy and policy on clean coal technology will help to improve the authority and stability of the system. By designing reasonable incentive measures and its operating mechanism, clean coal technology can be planned, developed purposefully, and maintained high competitiveness and long-term vitality. China's current energy development and level of legal construction have determined that there are still a series of problems in the legal system of clean coal technology. For example, there is no special clean coal technology system planning, and there is no operational implementation regulation. The incentive and restraint mechanism is not perfect, the management system is not scientific, and the supporting system construction is not perfect. China's energy and coal legal system should not only encourage the development of clean coal technology, but also provide guidance and guarantee for the promotion of clean coal technology and the development of clean coal technology market. In particular, sustained financial investment in R & D, intellectual property protection, financing policy support, promoting the transformation of technological achievements, and the construction of technology markets all require reasonable institutional design. In order to promote all aspects of society to clean coal technology development concern and support. In order to determine the rationality of the design of the legal system mentioned above, it is necessary to draw lessons from the experience of the technologically advanced countries, and to carry out theoretical analysis and practical evaluation according to the reality of China. In addition, there is a need to pay attention to the effective implementation of the legal system of clean coal technology in the context of the rule of law in China. In this regard, the reform of the national strategy and planning, the administration and management system, The technical standard system of clean coal and the international cooperation of clean coal technology are very important. The support of these related systems is helpful to promote the realization of clean coal technology from the field of technology to the field of application. China is the largest coal market in the world. It has the opportunity to use its own advantages to find the best way to develop clean coal technology through scientific strategic planning and the guarantee of an effective legal system, as well as through its own efforts and international cooperation. To become a leader and model in clean coal technology and contribute China's wisdom and experience to world energy security and global environmental governance.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.67

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