新《环境保护法》信息公开条款实施面临的障碍及其解决对策

发布时间：2019-03-14 10:03

【摘要】：在一系列环境事件中,公众力量逐渐显现并日益壮大,而公众有效参与环境决策和环境监管的前提条件是环境信息的充分公开。新《环境保护法》信息公开条款规定了政府环境信息公开、重点排污单位环境信息公开、建设项目环境影响评价信息公开,在公开主体、内容、方式等方面有一些不同于以往的新规定,这些新规定必然对我国环境信息公开工作提出新的要求。与此同时,我国环境信息公开实践中暴露的一些问题仍然未得到解决。为保障新《环境保护法》信息公开条款充分、积极、有效地实施,如何应对这些挑战是当前迫切需要解决的问题。结合我国环境信息公开实践的相关数据和案例,借鉴世界各国环境信息公开领域先进经验,通过运用归纳总结、对比分析、实证分析等研究方法以解决这一问题。通过加强各环境监管部门信息公开执法工作、确定保密范围、提高环境监测信息公开程度、提升信息公开工作水平等措施保障政府环境信息公开;通过确定重点排污单位名录范围、提高重点排污单位环境信息公开违法成本、加强重点排污单位环境报告制度管理、健全重点排污单位环境信息公开监管体系、吸收和集中公众力量以加强社会监督等措施保障重点排污单位环境信息公开;通过确定公开对象范围以限制建设项目选择性环评、完善公开方式以保障公众获取环评信息、促进环评审查过程公开化、确定建设环评虚假公开的法律责任、建立社区环境圆桌会议模式以促进信息双向交流等措施促进建设项目环境影响评价信息公开。新《环境保护法》信息公开条款在具体实施中可能遇到的障碍不限于本文讨论的这些,解决对策也不局限于此。随着我国公众对环境问题认识的日渐成熟和环境立法的日臻完善,环境信息公开必将朝着更加完善的方向发展。
[Abstract]:In a series of environmental events, the public power is gradually emerging and growing, and the prerequisite for the public to participate effectively in environmental decision-making and environmental regulation is the full disclosure of environmental information. The information disclosure provisions of the new Environmental Protection Law provide for the disclosure of government environmental information, the disclosure of environmental information of key pollutant discharge units, the disclosure of environmental impact assessment information of construction projects, and the disclosure of the main body and content of the public. Different from the previous new regulations, these new regulations must put forward new requirements for the disclosure of environmental information in our country. At the same time, some problems exposed in the practice of environmental information disclosure have not been solved. In order to ensure the full, active and effective implementation of the information disclosure provisions of the new Environmental Protection Law, how to deal with these challenges is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Combined with the relevant data and cases of the practice of environmental information disclosure in our country, the advanced experience in the field of environmental information disclosure in the world is used for reference, and the research methods such as induction, summary, comparative analysis and empirical analysis are used to solve this problem. By strengthening the enforcement of information disclosure in various environmental regulatory departments, determining the scope of confidentiality, improving the degree of disclosure of environmental monitoring information, and raising the level of information disclosure, the government should ensure the disclosure of environmental information; By determining the scope of the list of key pollutant discharge units, raising the illegal cost of environmental information disclosure in key pollutant discharge units, strengthening the management of the environmental reporting system for key pollutant discharge units, and improving the supervision and control system for environmental information disclosure in key pollutant discharge units, Absorbing and concentrating public forces to strengthen social supervision and other measures to ensure the disclosure of environmental information in key pollutant discharge units; By determining the scope of open objects to limit the selective EIA of construction projects, improving the public access to EIA information, promoting the openness of the EIA review process, and determining the legal responsibility for the false disclosure of EIAs, The establishment of community environmental round table model to promote the two-way exchange of information and other measures to promote environmental impact assessment information disclosure of construction projects. The obstacles that may be encountered in the implementation of the information disclosure provisions of the new Environmental Protection Act are not limited to the ones discussed in this paper, nor are the solutions limited to them. With the increasing maturity of the public's understanding of environmental problems and the perfection of environmental legislation, the disclosure of environmental information will develop towards a more perfect direction.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.6

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