中国低碳经济发展模式的法经济学研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 19:56

【摘要】：低碳经济是促进能源革命与生产技术革命的契机,是一种可以改善人类生存环境,人类可持续发展的最优经济模式。尽管低碳经济有可能被发达国家作为遏制中国经济高速发展的工具,但是我们不可否认的是,低碳经济本身的理念与倡导是善意的,是一种能够让社会成本达到正外部性的经济模式。所以,作者认为,如中国能够抓住低碳经济的精髓结合可持续发展的科学发展观,通过制度的约束与政府规制,把握好中国的后发优势,相信低碳经济可以成为造福中国人民子孙后代的一项政策。本文结合了法经济学视角对低碳经济在我国如何发展进行了初步的探讨,在分析中国低碳经济发展中的制度缺陷的基础上,借鉴国外发达国家的低碳发展经验,从激励机制设立、政府如何干预、产业结构调整等角度为中国发展低碳经济提出了若干制度建议。文章共分五部分。在绪论部分,交代了低碳经济提出的国际背景与国内背景,阐述过量碳排放对中国环境与世界环境的一系列影响,结合近年来中国发生的极端气候事件总结出中国低碳经济发展模式的现实意义与理论意义。第一部分运用社会成本与外部性理论、环境经济学与公共管理理论、政府规制与产权理论以及技术创新理论对低碳经济进行了经济理论分析,认为低碳问题就是环境的负外部性问题,解决该问题的最佳路径就是技术创新,制度创新与政府规制。第二部分中着重分析了中国低碳经济发展的现状。中国的低碳经济属于刚刚起步,还有很长的路要走,有许多障碍需要克服:如中国能源资源禀赋所产生的能源结构问题;能源技术水平低下所产生的技术创新问题以及一系列的制度缺陷都是中国政府需要面对与亟待解决的。第三部分以英国、美国、日本这些具有代表性的发达国家为例,通过分析他们低碳经济相关的的政策法规总结出经验,为中国实施低碳经济提供参考和借鉴。最后,笔者通过前文的论述分析提出了中国发展低碳经济的目标、途径及制度建议。认为中国在“无悔”减排目标的设定下,首先应提出能源战略方针;其次确立今后的低碳经济中长期发展规划;最后,政府制定相关制度法规过程中应以经济激励政策为主,通过分析中国目前的经济现状并对比碳税与碳交易的特点得出结论——碳税在中国短期发展转型过程中具有更高的效率优势。
[Abstract]:Low carbon economy is an opportunity to promote energy revolution and production technology revolution, and it is an optimal economic model that can improve human living environment and sustainable development. Although the low-carbon economy may be used by developed countries as a tool to curb the rapid development of China's economy, it is undeniable that the concept and advocacy of the low-carbon economy itself is well-intentioned. It is an economic model that can make social cost achieve positive externality. Therefore, the author believes that if China can grasp the essence of low-carbon economy combined with the scientific concept of development of sustainable development, through institutional constraints and government regulation, we can grasp China's latecomer advantages. It is believed that a low-carbon economy can be a policy for the benefit of future generations of the Chinese people. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on how to develop low-carbon economy in China from the perspective of law and economics. On the basis of analyzing the institutional defects in the development of low-carbon economy in China, this paper draws lessons from the low-carbon development experience of foreign developed countries. This paper puts forward some institutional suggestions for the development of low-carbon economy in China from the aspects of the establishment of incentive mechanism, how to intervene by the government and the adjustment of industrial structure. The article is divided into five parts. In the introduction part, it explains the international and domestic background of low-carbon economy, and expounds a series of effects of excessive carbon emissions on China's environment and the world environment. Combined with the extreme climate events in China in recent years, the practical and theoretical significance of China's low-carbon economic development model is summarized. The first part analyzes the economic theory of low-carbon economy by using the theory of social cost and externality, the theory of environmental economics and public management, the theory of government regulation and property right and the theory of technological innovation. It is considered that the low carbon problem is the negative externality of the environment, and the best way to solve this problem is technological innovation, institutional innovation and government regulation. The second part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of low-carbon economy development in China. China's low-carbon economy is just in its infancy, and there is still a long way to go. There are many obstacles to overcome: for example, the energy structure problems caused by China's energy resources endowment; The problems of technological innovation caused by the low level of energy technology and a series of institutional defects need to be faced and solved urgently by the Chinese government. The third part takes the representative developed countries such as Britain, the United States and Japan as examples, and summarizes the experience by analyzing the policies and regulations related to their low-carbon economy, so as to provide reference and reference for the implementation of low-carbon economy in China. Finally, through the previous discussion and analysis, the author puts forward the objectives, ways and institutional suggestions for the development of low-carbon economy in China. It is considered that under the goal of "no regrets", China should first put forward the strategic policy of energy, secondly, establish the medium-and long-term development plan of low-carbon economy in the future. Finally, in the process of formulating relevant systems and regulations, the government should mainly focus on economic incentive policies. By analyzing the current economic situation in China and comparing the characteristics of carbon tax and carbon trading, it is concluded that carbon tax has higher efficiency advantages in the process of short-term development and transformation in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;F205;F124

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