长江口中华鲟保护区地方性法规立法研究

发布时间：2019-07-17 18:16

【摘要】：《上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理办法》自2005年4月15日实施以来,为科学有效保护中华鲟及其息栖环境提供了强有力的规章制度保障。由于当时时间紧,以及对中华鲟及其栖息地生态环境保护尚处于摸索阶段,在条文内容和规定上就采用宜粗不宜细的原则,对于有些问题采用了一般性处理的形式。随着时空的变迁和中华鲟保护工作不断深入,现有条文内容和规定已不能满足保护区工作的实际需要。2009年,上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区地方性法规立法已被市人大列入立法规划。在此背景下,本文分析了上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区法制建设存在的问题和原因,阐述了上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区立法的可行性,1)有坚实的法制基础;2)地方政府规章实施一段时问后将其上升为地方性法规,符合我国立法程序;3)出台地方性法规是解决《办法》实施中存在的问题,唯一可行的途径。最后对上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区立法提出的相应对策与建立。首先,应确立保护区立法的四个目标;其次,应坚持两个立法原则,一是基本原则,包括可持续发展原则、预防性原则、生态优先原则、系统性保护原则;第二,地方法规立法的特有原则,包括地方性原则、创制性原则;最后,应建立六项基本制度,包括开放性管理制度、生物资源特性制度、土地权属制度、生态补偿机制、公众参与制度,以及专项救护与驯养繁殖制度。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the measures for the Management of Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve in the Changjiang Estuary of Shanghai on April 15, 2005, it has provided a strong regulatory guarantee for the scientific and effective protection of Chinese Sturgeon and its living environment. Because of the tight time at that time and the protection of the ecological environment of Chinese Sturgeon and its habitat, the principle of "coarse and not fine" was adopted in the contents and regulations of the articles, and some problems were dealt with in a general way. With the change of time and space and the deepening of the protection of Chinese Sturgeon, the existing provisions and regulations can no longer meet the actual needs of the protection area. In 2009, the local laws and regulations of the Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve in the Changjiang Estuary of Shanghai have been included in the legislative plan by the Municipal people's Congress. Under this background, this paper analyzes the problems and reasons existing in the legal construction of the Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve in the Changjiang Estuary of Shanghai, and expounds the feasibility of the legislation of the Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve in the Changjiang Estuary of Shanghai. 1) it has a solid legal basis, 2) the local government rules and regulations are raised to local laws and regulations after a period of implementation, which conforms to the legislative procedures of our country. 3) issuing local laws and regulations is the only feasible way to solve the problems existing in the implementation of the measures. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and establishment of Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve in Changjiang Estuary of Shanghai are put forward. First of all, we should establish four objectives of protected area legislation; secondly, we should adhere to two legislative principles, one is the basic principles, including the principle of sustainable development, the principle of prevention, the principle of ecological priority, the principle of systematic protection; second, the unique principles of local laws and regulations legislation, including local principles, creative principles; Finally, six basic systems should be established, including open management system, biological resources characteristic system, land ownership system, ecological compensation mechanism, public participation system, and special rescue and domestication and reproduction system.
【作者单位】：上海海洋大学海洋科学学院;上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处;
【基金】：上海市908专项计划项目(PJ1-2-HD3) 农业部长江口长江增殖放流中华鲟监测项目(D8005100001)
【分类号】：D922.68;D927

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