关于同性婚姻制度的研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 01:45

本文选题：同性恋 + 同性婚姻　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类历史发展中,同性恋现象客观地存在于古今中外。同性恋倾向不会因为某个社会对它持严厉的否定态度而减少,也不会因为社会规范的宽容而增加,其处境在不同国家的不同时期也有所差别。①目前,同性恋在我国已经实现“去罪化”和“非病理化”,但由于我国对同性恋现象的研究起步稍晚,国内还存在着不少对同性恋者的歧视和不理解。很多同性恋者不敢公开自己的性身份,迫于传统压力走进异性婚姻,不仅自己身心受到煎熬,更会对异性配偶造成无法弥补的精神损害,甚至引发一些家庭、社会悲剧。由同性恋引起的社会问题和法律问题越来越多,究其原因是我国不承认同性婚姻,同性恋者在我国不能享受与异性恋者平等的婚姻权利。与我国相比,针对同性恋的婚姻权益保护在西方早已成为一个热议话题。迄今为止,已有不少国家或地区相继通过立法以不同模式确认同性婚姻合法化了。目前国外关于同性婚姻合法化的立法模式主要有四种：1、同性婚姻模式,该模式将婚姻制度平等地适用于同性和异性,使同性婚姻与异性婚姻当事人享有完全相同的婚姻权益；2、民事伴侣模式,该模式将同性之间的共同生活界定为一种民事伴侣关系而非婚姻关系,通过单独的法律来调整同性之间“结合”关系,给予同性伴侣一些而非全部配偶权益；3、民事互助契约模式,该模式通过两个异性或者同性的成年自然人为了共同生活而缔结的合同约定彼此的权利、义务,规范双方的共同生活,法律只做一些法定要求；4、事实伴侣模式,该模式对存在事实上同居关系的同性伴侣和异性伴侣同等保护,不以登记为要件。上述四种模式各具特色,都代表了社会的文明和法治的进步,对实现同性恋和异性恋的平等保护迈出了关键的一步。由于我国针对同性恋权益的立法保护几乎一片空白,我国一些学者提出了同性婚姻立法的主张。关于同性婚姻合法化的立法模式,比较有代表性的观点有两种：一是修改《婚姻法》或制定《同性婚姻法》,赋予同性恋者与异性恋者同等的婚姻权利；二是制定同居关系法,将同性同居者和异性同居者都包括进来。这两种模式虽然对实现同性恋权益的保护有很大的意义,但并未结合我国现有社会制度。同性恋者的处境艰难,我国应当考虑对同性恋者的人格尊严、婚姻自由权进行立法保护,但必须结合我国国情。通过对国外立法模式的比较分析,我国可以借鉴“非婚姻”模式下的民事伴侣制度,构建符合我国国情的同性婚姻制度,切实从法律层面给予这一特殊群体权利保障。通过法律的指引作用逐步改变社会公众对同性恋者的不正确认识,最终实现同性恋者与异性恋者的平等保护。
[Abstract]:In the development of human history, the phenomenon of homosexuality exists objectively at all times and at all times. Homosexuality does not decrease because of a society's harsh negative attitude towards it, nor does it increase as a result of tolerance of social norms, and its situation varies from country to country at different times. Homosexuality has been decriminalized and non-pathological in China, but since the study of homosexuality started later in our country, there is still a lot of discrimination and incomprehension of homosexuality in China. Many homosexuals dare not disclose their sexual identity and enter into heterosexual marriage under traditional pressure. They not only suffer physically and mentally, but also cause irreparable mental damage to heterosexual spouses, and even lead to some family and social tragedies. There are more and more social and legal problems caused by homosexuality. The reason is that our country does not recognize same-sex marriage and homosexuals can not enjoy the same marriage rights as heterosexuals in our country. Compared with our country, the protection of marriage rights and interests for homosexuality has long been a hot topic in the West. So far, many countries or regions have passed legislation to legalize same-sex marriage in different ways. At present, there are mainly four types of legislation on legalization of same-sex marriage in foreign countries, the same-sex marriage model, which applies the marriage system equally to the same sex and the opposite sex. Making same-sex marriage and heterosexual marriage parties enjoy exactly the same marital rights and interests. The civil partnership model defines same-sex life as a civil partnership rather than a marriage relationship. Through separate laws to regulate the "union" relationship between the same sex, to give same-sex couples some, not all, rights and interests of spouses. This model prescribes each other's rights and obligations through a contract concluded by two natural persons of the opposite sex or the same sex for the purpose of living together, and regulates the common life of both sides. The law only makes some statutory requirements. This model protects same-sex couples and heterosexual couples with de facto cohabitation, and does not require registration. Each of the four models has its own characteristics and represents the progress of social civilization and the rule of law. It is a key step to realize the equal protection of homosexuality and heterosexuality. As the legislative protection of gay rights and interests in China is almost blank, some scholars in our country put forward the idea of same-sex marriage legislation. There are two more representative views on the legislative model of legalizing same-sex marriage: first, to amend the Marriage Law or enact the same Marriage Law to give gay people the same marriage rights as heterosexuals; and second, to formulate a cohabitation relationship law. Include both same-sex cohabitants and heterosexual cohabitants. Although these two models have great significance in realizing the protection of gay rights, they do not combine with the existing social system of our country. The situation of homosexuals is difficult, our country should consider to protect the right to freedom of marriage and human dignity of homosexuals, but it must be combined with the situation of our country. Through the comparative analysis of foreign legislative models, our country can draw lessons from the civil partnership system under the "non-marriage" mode, construct the same-sex marriage system in accordance with the national conditions of our country, and give the protection of this special group right from the legal level. Through the guidance of the law, it gradually changes the public's incorrect understanding of homosexuals, and finally realizes the equal protection between homosexuals and heterosexuals.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D913

【参考文献】