三十年来中国婚姻法“回归民法”的反思——兼论保持与发展婚姻法独立部门法传统

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:52

本文选题：婚姻家庭法 + 私法自治　；参考：《法制与社会发展》2009年04期

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以来中国婚姻法开启了"回归民法"的进程,其旨在以民法典的体系化与私法理论推动家事领域的立法改革。然而,实践显示,此举不仅无法实现理论整合、促进掌握法律原理的体系化初衷,反而加剧了婚姻法与民法法律制度与理论的冲突、婚姻法理解的混乱和新创设制度实施上的困难;另一方面则已成为家事领域自由泛滥的制度原因,与婚姻法保护家庭弱者权益、维护家庭稳定的宗旨相悖,误导了立法、司法实践与社会舆论。究其制度理论根源,在于对婚姻法调整对象与调整方法的特殊性,以及婚姻法定位与家事领域自由的关系,乃至婚姻家庭法对社会秩序及道德文化建设的重要意义认识不清。婚姻家庭是人与人全面合作的伦理实体,婚姻家庭关系具有强烈的伦理性,其调整方法也迥异于一般民事关系,并不随着市场经济的建立而发生本质改变。婚姻法独立于民法是法学史上的进步。突出婚姻家庭法的伦理性,维护婚姻家庭的稳定,保持并发展婚姻法独立部门法传统,符合婚姻家庭关系调整的内在需要,有利于解决当前家事法领域的诸多冲突,对制度建设、社会文化建设及学科发展均具有积极影响。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's Marriage Law has begun the process of "returning to the Civil Law", which aims to promote the legislative reform in the field of family affairs with the systematization of the Civil Code and the theory of private law. However, practice has shown that this act not only fails to achieve theoretical integration and promotes the systematization of legal principles, but also intensifies the conflict between marriage law and civil law legal system and theory. The confusion in the understanding of the Marriage Law and the difficulties in the implementation of the newly created system; on the other hand, it has become the institutional reason for the proliferation of freedom in the field of family affairs, which runs counter to the purpose of the Marriage Law to protect the rights and interests of the weak in the family and to maintain the stability of the family, and misleads the legislation. Judicial practice and public opinion. The root of its system theory lies in the unclear understanding of the object and method of the adjustment of marriage law, the relationship between the orientation of marriage law and the freedom of family affairs, and the significance of marriage and family law to the construction of social order and moral culture. Marriage and family is an ethical entity in which people cooperate in an all-round way. Marriage and family relations have a strong ethical character and their adjustment methods are different from those of general civil relations and do not change substantially with the establishment of market economy. The independence of marriage law from civil law is a progress in the history of law. Highlighting the ethical character of marriage and family law, maintaining the stability of marriage and family, maintaining and developing the tradition of independent department law of marriage law, meeting the inherent need of adjustment of marriage and family relations, is conducive to resolving many conflicts in the field of family law at present. It has positive influence on system construction, social culture construction and discipline development.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部社科基金项目“当代中国家事法制道德基础研究”(08JC820028)
【分类号】：D923.9

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