离婚精神损害赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 12:10

本文选题：离婚精神损害赔偿 + 配偶权　；参考：《山东政法学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着社会的发展和人们思想的解放,我国的离婚率呈现逐年上升的趋势,要求精神损害赔偿的离婚案件也越来越多。我国的离婚精神损害赔偿制度确认于2001年新修改的《婚姻法》中,这是我国婚姻立法上的一个重大突破,也是对我国婚姻立法的一个重要完善。离婚精神损害赔偿是指配偶一方因实施了法定的过错行为,造成无过错方配偶产生精神上的痛苦,因此导致离婚的,无过错方配偶有权请求过错方配偶进行赔偿。该制度的设立目的在于对婚姻关系中的弱势一方进行保护,维护婚姻无过错方的合法权益。离婚精神损害赔偿制度在十余年的实施过程中,面对司法实践的复杂多样性,暴露出许多不足,产生了许多问题。本文在论述离婚精神损害赔偿基本制度的基础上,对司法实践中出现的问题进行分析,并提出完善建议。本文共分为六部分,第一部分通过引用司法实践中存在的真实案例,提出我国离婚精神损害赔偿面临的理论争议和实践不足,引出下文论述的主题。本文第二部分是对离婚精神损害赔偿请求权的研究,主要包括界定离婚精神损害赔偿的内涵、性质和权利基础。明确离婚精神损害赔偿的性质是侵权责任,寻找离婚精神损害赔偿请求权的权利基础。本文第三、四、五、六部分是针对离婚精神损害赔偿在司法实践中所体现出的问题进行分析和完善。第三部分是对离婚精神损害赔偿的关系主体进行分析,讨论离婚精神损害赔偿制度的权利主体是否包括其他家庭成员,义务主体是否包括破坏他人婚姻家庭的“第三者”,并提出完善建议。第四部分对离婚精神损害赔偿的适用进行分析,首先,讨论离婚精神损害赔偿责任的构成是否以离婚作为前提条件。其次,分析离婚精神损害赔偿是否适用于协议离婚。再次,分析离婚精神损害赔偿的适用情形并提出完善对策。本文第五部分是针对当事人举证责任分配进行分析并对出现的问题提出的完善对策,采取合理措施减轻无过错方的举证责任;本文第六部分是针对离婚精神损害赔偿的赔偿标准进行分析,为明确离婚精神损害赔偿数额的确定标准提出建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of society and the emancipation of people's thoughts, the divorce rate of our country is increasing year by year, and the divorce cases that require compensation for mental damage are more and more. The system of compensation for spiritual damages of divorce in China was confirmed in the newly revised Marriage Law in 2001, which is a major breakthrough in the legislation of marriage in China and an important improvement to the legislation of marriage in our country. The moral damage compensation of divorce is that one spouse has the right to claim compensation for the spouse of the fault party because of the legal fault act, which causes the spouse of the party without fault to produce the mental pain, and thus leads to divorce, the spouse of the no-fault party has the right to ask the spouse of the fault party to make compensation. The purpose of this system is to protect the weak party in the marriage relationship and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the non-fault party in marriage. In the course of more than ten years' implementation of the divorce compensation system for spiritual damages, many deficiencies have been exposed and many problems have arisen in the face of the complex diversity of judicial practice. On the basis of discussing the basic system of compensation for spiritual damages in divorce, this paper analyzes the problems in judicial practice and puts forward some suggestions for perfection. This paper is divided into six parts. In the first part, by quoting the real cases in judicial practice, the author points out the theoretical dispute and the lack of practice of the moral damage compensation for divorce in our country, and leads to the theme discussed below. The second part of this paper is the study of the right to claim for moral damages of divorce, mainly including the definition of the connotation, nature and right basis of the compensation for spiritual damages of divorce. To clarify the nature of moral damages for divorce is the liability of tort and to find the right basis of the right to claim compensation for spiritual damages in divorce. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth part of this paper is to analyze and perfect the problems embodied in the judicial practice of moral damage compensation for divorce. The third part is to analyze the relation subject of the moral damage compensation for divorce, to discuss whether the right subject of the divorce spiritual damage compensation system includes other family members, and whether the obligation subject includes the "third party" who destroys the marriage and family of others. And puts forward the consummation suggestion. The fourth part analyzes the application of divorce mental damage compensation. Firstly, it discusses whether divorce is the precondition for the constitution of divorce mental damage compensation liability. Secondly, it analyzes whether the moral damage compensation is applicable to divorce by agreement. Thirdly, the author analyzes the application of divorce compensation for mental damage and puts forward some perfect countermeasures. The fifth part of this paper is to analyze the distribution of the burden of proof of the parties and put forward the perfect countermeasures to the problems, and take reasonable measures to reduce the burden of proof of the no-fault party; The sixth part of this paper is to analyze the standard of compensation for moral damages of divorce, and to make suggestions for the determination of the amount of compensation for spiritual damages in divorce.
【学位授予单位】：山东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.9

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