论我国未成年人监护变更制度的完善

发布时间：2019-04-13 16:02

【摘要】：未成年人是社会和国家的希望和未来，家庭和社会有义不容辞的义务和责任来维护未成年人的合法权益、保护未成年人健康成长。对未成年人采取行之有效的监护措施是保障其权益的重要手段。由于目前我国还未制订民法典。关于未成年人监护制度方面的规定都分散于民法体系的相关法律之中，，比如《民法通则》、《婚姻法》、《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》以及最高人民法院司法解释、各有关行政法规、规章，以及地方性法律规范。而我国关于未成年人监护制度的法律规定原则性过强、具体法条规定不细，使得法官的可操作性不强。而且随着社会新形势的出现，一些规定已不能适合新情况。比如，汶川地震后出现孤儿应由谁来承担监护责任以及如何监督责任的履行？再比如前一阵社会上出现争议较大的，社会公益组织涉嫌倒卖儿童人体器官的“益益”事件。对于父母被撤销监护权后，如何监督变更监护后监护人职责的履行？这些问题再一次成为社会焦点。由此，我们不难看出，由于监护变更而产生的社会问题日益严重。许多学者对我国目前未成年人监护制度已经展开大量研究，但专门针对未成年人监护变更方面的研究还不太多。而目前我国监护变更制度的确存在着诸多问题。因此，本文的撰写从某种意义上讲是有重大意义的。本文对我国目前未成年人监护变更制度进行了细致的研究，深入浅出的说明了当前我国法律规定存在的问题。同时，对西方国家，尤其是大陆法系国家关于未成年人监护变更制度方面的规定进行研究和分析，分别从引起未成年人监护变更的法定情形、未成年人变更监护的法律程序以及变更监护后对监护人行为的监督三方面分别讨论。提出应对引起未成年人监护变更的法定情形进行立法、废除不适合当前社会发展的集体作为未成年人的监护资格以及应建立自上而下、多部门联合的监督机制。使未成年人监护人的行为处于全方位的监督之下，而未成年人的合法权益得到真正保障。同时，本文对我国未来关于未成年人监护制度的立法提出了建议，希望有关部门可以整合当前法律规定，使有关未成年人的法律规定更加体系化，从而更适合社会之发展。
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope and future of the society and the country. The family and society have the duty and duty to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors and protect the healthy growth of minors. Taking effective guardianship measures to minors is an important means to protect their rights and interests. Because at present our country has not drawn up the civil code. The provisions concerning guardianship of minors are scattered in the relevant laws of the civil law system, such as the General principles of Civil Law, the Marriage Law, and the Law on Protection of minors. The Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the Judicial interpretation of the Supreme people's Court, relevant administrative regulations, and local legal norms. But our country about the minor guardianship system law stipulation is too strong, the concrete law article stipulation is not detailed, makes the judge's maneuverability is not strong. And with the emergence of a new social situation, some regulations are no longer suitable for the new situation. For example, after the Wenchuan earthquake, who should be responsible for guardianship responsibility and how to supervise the implementation of the responsibility? Another example of a social controversy, social welfare organizations suspected of reselling children's human organs of the "beneficial" event. How to supervise the performance of guardianship duty after parents have been removed from guardianship? These problems have once again become the focus of society. As a result, it is not difficult to see that the social problems arising from the change of guardianship are becoming more and more serious. Many scholars have carried out a lot of research on the guardianship system of minors in our country, but there are not many researches on the change of guardianship of minors. At present, there are many problems in the system of guardianship change in our country. Therefore, the writing of this article is of great significance in a sense. This article has carried on the meticulous research to the minor guardianship change system at present in our country, has explained the problem existing in the law regulation of our country at present. At the same time, the western countries, especially the civil law countries, have carried on the research and analysis on the regulations of the minor guardianship change system, respectively from the legal situation that causes the minor guardianship change, The legal procedure of minor's change of guardianship and the supervision of guardian's behavior after changing guardianship are discussed respectively. It is pointed out that legislation should be carried out to deal with the legal situation which causes the change of guardianship of minors, to abolish the collective guardianship qualification of minors, which is not suitable for the current social development, and to establish a top-down, multi-sector joint supervision mechanism. So that the behavior of juvenile guardians is under all-round supervision, and the legitimate rights and interests of minors are truly protected. At the same time, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the future legislation of guardianship system of minors in our country, hoping that the relevant departments can integrate the current legal provisions, make the legal provisions of minors more systematic, and thus be more suitable for the development of society.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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