论“二胎”政策下我国收养制度的困境与完善

发布时间：2019-06-20 18:22

【摘要】：收养制度是民事法律制度的重要组成部分,在现实生活中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。收养行为历史悠久,但是我国《中华人民共和国收养法》却制定于上世纪九十年代,收养立法起步比较晚。随着社会经济的发展,现行的《收养法》日益暴露出来很多弊端,不能完全适应现代社会收养的需要,也使法的价值实现受到制约。特别是在全新的“二胎”政策环境下,收养法进一步表现出严重的滞后性。另一方面,新政策也为如何完善立法提供了全新的思路。基于此,收养法律制度的修改势在必行。全文主体部分一共分为五个部分:第一部分为引言部分,简要介绍了本文的研究背景和研究意义,也即阐明了论文的写作目的。第二部分,是对收养法律制度及收养理论依据的概述。前半部分着重介绍了收养的概念和特征,然后分析了在新政策下修改和完善收养法的必要性与可行性。后半部分则讨论了收养法的理论依据,具体包括人权原则、儿童最大利益原则、平等自愿原则和公序良俗原则。第三部分重点分析了我国收养法律制度的现状及存在的问题,通过深入研究我国收养法律制度,指出我国现行收养法律制度的缺陷,主要有被收养人的范围太窄,收养人的条件不合理,收养的程序设计存在问题,收养的效力认定和解除收养的规定存在问题。第四部分针对我国收养法律制度的缺陷提出完善我国收养法律制度的建议,重点结合“二胎”政策,创新提出了“二胎收养”的新措施,此外还从当事人条件设定、收养程序设计、收养效力认定和解除收养的规定四个角度提出了完善建议,如改变收养当事人的条件、对收养进行实质审查,建立收养后的长效监督制度等提处理意见。第五部分对全文进行了总结,并指出了本文的创新点与不足之处。
[Abstract]:Adoption system is an important part of civil legal system and plays an irreplaceable role in real life. Adoption has a long history, but the adoption law of the people's Republic of China was formulated in the 1990s, and the adoption legislation started relatively late. With the development of social economy, the current adoption law has increasingly exposed many drawbacks, which can not fully meet the needs of modern social adoption, and also restricts the realization of the value of the law. Especially in the new "second child" policy environment, the adoption law further shows a serious lag. On the other hand, the new policy also provides a new way of thinking for how to improve the legislation. Based on this, it is imperative to revise the legal system of adoption. The main part of the full text is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which briefly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, that is, the purpose of the thesis. The second part is an overview of the legal system of adoption and the theoretical basis of adoption. The first half focuses on the concept and characteristics of adoption, and then analyzes the necessity and feasibility of revising and perfecting the adoption law under the new policy. The second part discusses the theoretical basis of the adoption law, including the principle of human rights, the principle of the best interests of the child, the principle of equality and voluntary and the principle of public order and good customs. The third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the adoption legal system in our country, and through the in-depth study of the adoption legal system in our country, points out that the defects of the current adoption legal system in our country mainly include the narrow scope of the adopter, the unreasonable conditions of the adopter, the problems in the procedure design of adoption, the identification of the validity of adoption and the provisions of the termination of adoption. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legal system of adoption in our country in view of the defects of the legal system of adoption in our country, and puts forward some new measures of "second child adoption" in combination with the policy of "second child". In addition, it also puts forward some suggestions from four angles: the setting of the conditions of the parties concerned, the design of adoption procedure, the determination of the validity of adoption and the provisions of lifting the adoption, such as changing the conditions of the adoptive parties and carrying on the substantive examination of the adoption. The establishment of a long-term supervision system after adoption and other suggestions. The fifth part summarizes the full text, and points out the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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