我国生育保险制度的问题与改革

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:32

本文选题：生育保险制度　切入点：问题　出处：《西南财经大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 生育保险是指妇女劳动者因怀孕、分娩导致不能工作,收入暂时中断,国家和社会给予必要物质帮助的社会保险制度。它是国家为保障女工生育子女时的基本生活需要,维持社会安定而颁布的法令、条例、各种规定以及具体措施的总称。建立生育保险的目的,是为了保证生育状态的劳动妇女的身体健康,减轻其因繁衍后代而产生的经济困难,同时也是为了保证劳动力再生产的延续。本论文选题为“我国生育保险制度的问题与改革”,进行此研究的目的和意义在于以下几点。 (1)体现了男女平等,主要包括政治的,社会的,经济的,乃至家庭中的地位等各个方面,并且女性肩负的特殊使命及付出的特殊代价需要有相应的分担机制,而生育保险则是全体劳动者共同分担这种代价的最好方式。 (2)生育保险问题对社会发展影响巨大,在社会保险体系中,虽然生育保险就基金规模而言是一个“小”险种,就支付期限而言是一个“短”险种,但是,就保险标的而言,生育保险却是“一手托两命”,是一个“重”险种。建立和实施生育保险,有利于保护妇女的基本权益;有利于提高人口素质,保证社会劳动力再生产;有利于国家人口政策的顺利贯彻实施;还有利于为企业公平竞争和妇女平等就业创造条件。随着社会进步和经济发展,生育保险越来越受到各国政府的普遍重视。 (3)职工生育保险是为了避免女工因承担生育责任而导致本人及家庭的生活水平的突然下降,维护社会稳定。同时国家有关的法律规定需要通过生育保险才能真正落实。如我国《宪法》、《妇女权益保障法》和《劳动法》等规定了保护妇女的权益利益及妇女劳动保护与生育期间的保障措施,但若没有生育保险制度,在市场经济条件下,对妇女保护的法律规定便很难得到落实。 (4)了解我国生育保险制度的现状及问题,才能更好地根据我国的国情对生育保险制度进行改革和完善。2001年5月,国务院颁布的《中国妇女发展纲要(2001-2010)》对生育保险提出了发展目标:到2010年,生育保险参保覆盖率要达到90%。为了实现这一目标,保证生育保险健康有序发展,就要不断地调整步伐,以适应社会经济发展的大环境。 (5)我国现在的市场经济需要生育保险,市场经济的最大特点就是通过市场机制来优化配置,包括劳动力在内的各种资源,并由此实现高效率的追求目标。因此,生育保险是确保妇女进入劳动力市场并参与就业竞争,促进劳动力资源得到最优配置的重要条件。从企业角度而言,职工生育保险惠及职工家属是为了减轻在职职工(主要是男性职工)的后顾之忧,使其保持正常的劳动效率。论文主要采用对资料进行研究和分析的方法,依据所收集的资料中对我国生育保险的现状和问题的介绍,通过一定的分析,最后得出对我国生育保险制度改革的相关启示。本文共分四大部分:导论、我国生育保险制度的历史和现状、我国生育保险制度存在的问题、我国生育保险制度的改革。文章的主要内容和观点如下: 第一章:导论。主要阐述文章选择“我国生育保险制度的问题与改革”作为研究内容的目的和意义;文章研究的范围和框架结构。第二章:我国生育保险制度的历史和现状。第三章:我国生育保险制度存在的问题。自新中国成立以来,我国政府十分注重对妇女权益的保护,对妇女生育的保障也是比较全面的,待遇也比较高。但我国生育保险制度建立的时间不长,相关的法律法规还未健全,劳动部门监管不到位,以及企业利益驱动等原因,导致我国现行的生育保险制度存在许多问题。第四章:我国生育保险制度的改革。根据我国生育保险的现状和问题,提出如下建议:(一)加快生育保险立法步伐,制定全国统一的适合我国国情的生育保险法律规范(二)继续扩大生育保险的适应范围(三)坚持生育保险基金的社会统筹方向,提高生育保险基金的统筹层次(四)建立与社会生产力发展水平相适应的、待遇合理的生育保险制度(五)加大宣传力度,强化全体公民的生育保险意识(六)构建科学合理的基金管理体系,提高生育保险社会化管理水平(七)提高规范化程度,加大监督管理力度(八)逐步提高给付水平,增加保险项目(九)建立政府、企业、个人共担生育保险资金的筹资机制,实现生育费用共担(十)加大农民工生育保险的改革力度
[Abstract]:Maternity insurance refers to women workers due to pregnancy, childbirth can not work, income is temporarily interrupted, the state and society to give the necessary material assistance to the social insurance system. It is the basic life of countries for the protection of maternity children need to maintain social stability and order issued by the law, regulations, rules and the concrete measures of the various general. Maternity insurance, in order to ensure the fertility status of the women's health, reduce their offspring due to the economic difficulties, but also to ensure the continuation of the reproduction of labor force.
The topic of this thesis is "the problem and reform of China's birth insurance system". The purpose and significance of this study are the following points.
(1) reflects the equality between men and women, including political, social, economic, and even the family status and other aspects, and the special mission of women have special needs and cost sharing mechanism, and maternity insurance is the best way to share the cost of all workers.
(2) the birth insurance problem of serious impact to social development, the social insurance system, although the birth insurance fund scale is a "small" insurance, the payment term is a "short" insurance, however, is the subject matter of the insurance, maternity insurance is "one hand two life" is a "heavy" insurance. The establishment and implementation of maternity insurance, is conducive to the protection of women's rights; conducive to improving the quality of the population and ensure social reproduction of labor; to implement the national population policy; and conducive to fair competition and equal employment of women to create conditions. With the social progress and economic development, growth insurance paid more and more attention to by governments.
(3) maternity insurance in order to avoid women assume responsibility for family and cause a sudden drop of personal and family life level, maintain social stability. At the same time, the legal provisions of the state relating to the maternity insurance in order to truly implement. As China's "constitution", "women Quan Yibao barrier method > and < > provisions of labor law the security measures to protect women's rights and interests protection of labor and birth women during the period, but if there is no maternity insurance system, under the condition of market economy, the law on the protection of women is difficult to implement.
(4) to understand the current situation and problems of China's maternity insurance system, in order to better according to the situation of our country of birth insurance system reform and improve the.2001 in May, the State Council promulgated the "China women development program (2001-2010)" put forward the development target of the maternity insurance: by 2010, maternity insurance coverage to reach 90%. in order to achieve this goal, to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the maternity insurance, they should continuously adjust the pace, in order to adapt to the social economic development environment.
(5) to the present market economy of China's maternity insurance, the biggest characteristic of market economy is to optimize the allocation of resources through the market mechanism, including labor force, and thus achieve high efficiency goal. Therefore, maternity insurance is to ensure that women enter the labour market and participate in the employment competition, promote the optimal allocation of labor resources are an important condition from the angle of enterprises, workers' insurance benefit the families of workers in order to reduce staff (mainly male staff) the menace from the rear to keep the normal, labor efficiency.
This paper mainly adopts the methods of the study and analysis of the data, the status quo and problems of the maternity insurance in China based on the data collected in the introduction, through the analysis, finally draw relevant Revelation on China's maternity insurance system reform. This paper is divided into four parts: introduction, the history and status quo of China's maternity insurance the existing system, China's maternity insurance system, the reform of China's maternity insurance system. The main
The contents and views are as follows:
The first chapter is introduction. It mainly expounds the purpose and significance of choosing the issue and reform of maternity insurance system in China, and the scope and framework of the article.
The second chapter: the history and present situation of the birth insurance system in China.
The third chapter: the existence of China's maternity insurance system. Since the founding of new Chinese, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection of women's rights and interests of women, family security is more comprehensive, the treatment is relatively high. But the establishment of maternity insurance system in China is not a long time, relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, labor the department regulation is not in place, and the enterprise profit driven and other reasons, resulting in China's current birth insurance system has many problems. The fourth chapter: the reform of China's maternity insurance system. According to the current situation and problems of maternity insurance in our country, puts forward the following suggestions: (a) to speed up the pace of legislation of maternity insurance, maternity insurance for legal norms the situation of our country to establish a national unified (two) continue to expand the scope of the maternity insurance (three) overall society adhere to the direction of birth insurance fund, improve the integration level of birth insurance fund (four) and the establishment of To adapt to the development level of social productivity, reasonable treatment of maternity insurance system (five) to intensify propaganda, strengthen the consciousness of all citizens in the maternity insurance (six) to construct a scientific and reasonable fund management system, improve the social management level of maternity insurance (seven) to improve the degree of standardization, intensify supervision and management (eight) gradually raise the payment the level of insurance, increase the project (nine) the establishment of government, enterprises, individuals take maternity insurance funds financing mechanism, realize the fertility cost sharing (ten) to intensify the reform of maternity insurance for migrant workers

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F842.6

【引证文献】