消费者保护法研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 23:22

本文选题：消费者 + 经营者　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 在任何社会中，一切人均须作为消费主体出现：生存之维系，首先依赖于衣、食、住、行基本要求之满足。而在一个以社会分工为特征的商品经济社会，消费资料的获得，须通过商品交换的参与。由此，近代以来，出现消费者与经营者两大社会阶层的分界。消费者与经营者为相互依存又相互对立的不同营垒，而消费者作为弱势群体，时常面临因经营者的欺诈、蒙骗、疏忽大意以及恶意行为所造成的巨大风险和损害。尤其在当代工业社会或者知识经济时代，消费者与经营者在同一交易中之信息不对称，日趋严重，而消费者的弱势地位更为弱势，经营者的霸权地位更为霸权，为此，消费者权益保护运动的兴起，便成为当今世界发达国家乃至发展中国家的共同法律现象。而消费者保护之法律理论作为一个新兴的法学学科，其重要地位便日益突出。本文将消费者权利的法律保护作为一个相对独立的、完整的理论体系来加以研究。消费者保护法律理论的产生冲破了传统理论有关公、私法体系的基本划分，由此引发学界诸多论争：有学者将消费者保护法与劳动法、社会保障法同时奉为几个新兴的法律部门，将之归属于介乎公法与私法之间的所谓“社会法”，视其为社会法构成之部分，大张社会法之拓展；也有学者依据消费者保护法中国家干预的功能，断言其性质上应属经济法之一部；还有学者将消费者保护法之出现视为民法之新发展，认为无须大惊小怪。分析这些争论，有助于廓清笼罩于消费者保护法之上的迷雾，，认识其本质，以为我国消费者保护法理论体系和立法体系的建立和完善，做出实质性的贡献。本文对于消费者保护法的研究，非为对《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的诠释和注解。置于笔者视野之内的，是消费者保护之整体性法学理论构建和阐述，以及消费者权利的具体设定方式和救济措施。而笔者试图做到的，不过是在对一个完全处于初创阶段的法学理论的新生儿进行全面观察的基础上，阐释其特征，分析其特质，指出其成长的方法和路径。在这一方面，包括美国在内的一些发达国家近半个世纪之消费者保护立法运动的发展史，无疑必须为笔者所重点借鉴和评说，而我国消费者保护立法和司法的既有经验，则可以为此种借鉴提供重要的实际评价指标。为此，当今中国社会的经济发展现状及消费者和经营者之间的利益冲突和尖锐矛盾，当然会成为笔者分析法律理论问题的基本数据和素材。本文按从总体问题到具体问题的逻辑顺序，设置消费者保护法基础理论、消费者政策、消费者合同法、消费者安全法等四个主要部分，对消费者保护的有关法律问题进行了分别论述。第一章绪论：首先回顾了消费者问题的产生与发展过程及其社会背景，深入分析了消费者与经营者两大社会阶层的成因、相互经济地位及其概念界定；其次对消费者保护立法运动的缘起进行了探究，详细阐述了美国的消费者保护立法运动的崛起、其他西方发达国家消费者保护运动的勃兴以及国际消费者保护运动的发展；最后，对中国消费者法律保护的现状从理论及实践两个侧面进行了充分的揭示和分析。第二章消费者保护法的基础理论：对消费者保护法的对象、特征、本质及其作为独立学科的存在价值进行了详尽的阐述，对消费者保护法的体系从理论上提出了建构方案，并对消费者保护法的性质应当定位于民法范围、或者社会法范围、或者为公、私法的混合，提出了笔者自己的见解。第三章消费者政策：从政府在平衡消费者与经营者的社会性冲突中的地位和作用等方面着手，对消费者政策法的特征、内容、政府责任范围进行了全面的阐述，并对中国消费者政策法的发展方向即中国消费者政策法律化的问题提出了建议。第四章消费者合同法：首先对合同法的基本理念进行了检讨，从契约自由原则在消费者合同关系中的死亡与再生谈起，讲述了古典契约理论的思想基础、局限性及公平观念的重构；其次针对各国消费者保护运动对古典契约规则的冲击进行了阐述，并在此基础上明确阐述了消费者合同中经营者的法定义务（诚信、告知、担保等）、消费者的法定权利（知情权、反悔权、索赔权等），对缔约过失责任在消费者保护中的运用、格式条款的特殊规则、几种典型消费者合同种类及其特殊规则的运用等，进行了较为详尽的论述。同时，针对中国目前对消费者合同法的立法模式选择（单独立法抑或合并立法）问题，提出了立法建议。第五章消费者安全法；首先对近代以人为本的法律思想极其历史发展进行了深入的阐述，在借鉴各国法律的基础上，对产品责任法的历史使命及其在消费者保护领域中的具体适用提出了特别的见解；其次，对于消费者生命、健康、身体权利及其他人身权利保护中的惩罚性赔偿，从经济、道德以及法律操作技术等各个角度进行了法理分析，对消费者人格权保护提出适时的建议；最后，对于消费者安全保护与强制保险制度中的法律问题进行了探讨。第六章中国消费者保护法的未来走向：首先，评价和分析了现行消费者保护力法体系存在的弊端，明确提出了未来中国消费者保护法应当采用“基本法模式”的立法模式；其次，对于新的消费者保?
[Abstract]:In any society, every person must appear as the main body of consumption: the maintenance of survival depends on the basic requirements of clothing, food, and living. In a commodity economy society characterized by social division of labor, the acquisition of consumption data must be involved in the exchange of goods. Thus, the two major societies of consumers and operators have emerged in modern times. Consumers and operators are interdependent and antagonistic barracks, and consumers, as disadvantaged groups, often face huge risks and damage caused by fraud, fraud, negligence, and malicious behavior. Especially in the contemporary industrial society or the era of knowledge economy, consumers and operators are in the same way. The information asymmetry in a transaction is becoming more and more serious, and the disadvantaged position of the consumer is more vulnerable and the hegemonic position of the operator is more hegemonic. Therefore, the rise of the consumer protection movement has become the common legal phenomenon of the developed countries and even the developing countries in the world. The important position of the subject is increasingly prominent.
In this paper, the legal protection of consumer rights is studied as a relatively independent and complete theoretical system. The emergence of the legal theory of consumer protection breaks through the traditional theory and the basic division of the private law system, which leads to a lot of controversy in the academic circles: some scholars have put the consumer protection law with labor law and social security law at the same time. For several new legal departments, they belong to the so-called "social law" between public law and private law, regard it as part of the social law, the expansion of social law, and some scholars according to the function of the Chinese family intervention in the consumer protection law, assert that the nature of the law should belong to one of the economic laws; and some scholars have the consumer protection law. The appearance of it is regarded as the new development of civil law, and it is not necessary to make a fuss. The analysis of these controversies will help to clear the fog over the consumer protection law, understand its essence, and make a substantial contribution to the establishment and improvement of the theoretical and legislative system of the consumer protection law in China.
In this paper, the study of consumer protection law is not the interpretation and annotation of the law for the protection of consumer rights and interests in People's Republic of China. The author's view is to construct and elaborate the holistic legal theory of consumer protection, as well as the specific setting and rescue measures of consumer rights. On the basis of full observation of the newborn law theory, a new law theory is fully observed, and its characteristics are explained, its characteristics are analyzed, and the method and path of its growth are pointed out. In this respect, the development history of the consumer protection law movement in some developed countries, including the United States, must be the key to the author. In this regard, the current situation of the economic development of Chinese society and the conflict of interests and sharp contradictions between the consumers and the operators will certainly become the basic data of the author's analysis of the problems of the legal theory and the basic data of the analysis of the legal theory. Source material.
According to the logical sequence from the general problem to the specific problem, this paper sets up four main parts, such as the basic theory of consumer protection law, consumer policy, consumer contract law, consumer safety law and so on, and discusses the relevant legal issues of consumer protection.
The first chapter is introduction: first, it reviews the production and development process of consumer problems and its social background, analyzes the causes of the two social strata of consumers and operators, and defines the economic status and concept of each other. Secondly, the origin of the consumer protection legislation movement is explored, and the consumer protection in the United States is elaborated in detail. The rise of the law movement, the flourishing of the consumer protection movement in other western developed countries and the development of the international consumer protection movement. Finally, the present situation of the legal protection of Chinese consumers is fully revealed and analyzed from the two aspects of theory and practice.
The second chapter is the basic theory of Consumer Protection Law: the object, characteristics, essence and independence of consumer protection law.
The existence value of the discipline is expounded in detail, and the construction plan of the consumer protection law is put forward theoretically.
The nature of consumer protection law should be defined in the scope of civil law, or within the scope of social law, or for the mixture of public and private laws.
The author's own opinion is put forward.
The third chapter is consumer policy: from the position and role of the government in balancing the social conflicts between consumers and operators.
On the other hand, it makes a comprehensive exposition of the characteristics, contents, and scope of government responsibility of the consumer policy law, and on China's consumption.
The development direction of the policy law is the issue of legalization of China's consumer policy.
The fourth chapter: Consumer Contract Law: first, the basic idea of contract law is reviewed, from the principle of freedom of contract to consumption.
Speaking of death and regeneration in contract relationship, it tells the ideological basis, limitations and fairness of classical contract theory.
Secondly, the impact of the consumer protection movement on classical contract rules is expounded.
The legal obligations of consumers (integrity, notification, guarantee, etc.) in consumers' contracts are expounded, and consumers' legal rights are known.
The right to fault, the right to claim, and the right to claim for breach of contract.
Several typical types of consumer contracts and the application of special rules are discussed in detail.
At present, China has put forward legislative proposals on the choice of legislative mode of consumer contract law (single independent law or merger legislation).
The fifth chapter is consumer safety law. First of all, it gives an in-depth explanation of the modern people-oriented legal thought and its historical development.
On the basis of drawing lessons from various countries' laws, the historical mission of product liability law and its specific aspects in the field of consumer protection are discussed.
The application put forward a special view; secondly, for the protection of consumers' life, health, physical rights and other personal rights.
Punitive damages are analyzed from the angles of economy, morality and legal operation technology.
Finally, the legal issues in consumer protection and compulsory insurance system are discussed.
The discussion.
The sixth chapter is about the future trend of China's consumer protection law. First, the existing consumer protection law system is evaluated and analyzed.
In the future, China's consumer protection law should adopt the legislative mode of "basic law mode".
Next, for the new consumer insurance?

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D913

【引证文献】