我国志愿者权益保障法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 08:43

【摘要】：自上世纪80年代民政部开展社区志愿服务、90年代成立青年志愿者协会以来,我国志愿队伍不断发展壮大。尤其是2008年四川汶川“5·12”地震中志愿者救援和2008年北京奥运会开展之后,志愿服务活动开始普遍被社会所认识、了解和接受。志愿服务事业逐渐扩展到社会生活的各个领域,从社区志愿服务、城乡建设、社会管理、社会公益等到缓解社会冲突、解决社会矛盾、维持社会稳定等方面,志愿者在其中都发挥了巨大作用。志愿者在给我们生活带来便利之时,其权益受到侵害而无法获得法律救济也成为摆在我国志愿者面前的一大难题。目前我国志愿者权益保障面临许多问题,如：缺乏统一有效的法律规范性文件的规范和指引,相关管理组织和监督组织混乱繁杂,地方志愿服务立法内容单调,执行难度大,志愿服务认知度不高,志愿组织建设不健全,志愿者、志愿服务组织、志愿服务对象之间法律关系不明确等,致使志愿者合法权益得不到保障、权益受损后救济困难、甚至无法获得有效的法律救济。如何规范志愿服务活动,保障志愿者合法权益成为影响目前我国志愿服务事业进一步发展的重要难题。文章立足于我国志愿者权益保障发展现状,结合现行行政管理体制,着重分析了我国14个地方志愿者权益保护立法,并比较了美国1997年《联邦志愿者保护法案》,采用调研访谈、比较分析的方法,对志愿者权益保障中所涉理论进行了深入分析,并结合调研实际,审视国内、外相关立法,共分五个部分展开论述：第一章主要沿着志愿者权益保障法律问题产生的背景、问题的提出以及研究意义和研究方法等线路完成写作。首先对我国志愿者发展状况、志愿者权益保障的必要性进行阐述,提出了目前我国志愿者权益保障中存在的核心问题——立法缺失：接着从理论和实践两个方面概括了文章研究的意义,指出了志愿者权益法律保障研究对丰富此方面理论、规范志愿服务活动、促进志愿服务事业有着非常明显的积极作用；最后对研究所采用的方法进行了简单概括。第二章分三个部分完成了对志愿者权益保障相关理论的阐释和梳理。首先,通过分析国内外对志愿者含义的界定指出了我国目前界定志愿者时的局限性和片面性,提出了一种全新的志愿者界定方式；接着通过运用我国民法、劳动法、侵权责任法的相关理论及规定,从三个方面完成了对志愿者法律地位的分析和确定,提出了志愿者权益法律保障应当分情况具体对待；最后,从国外、国内两个方面完成了现有志愿者权益保障的理论综述,阐述了不同制度下的志愿者权益保障的利弊。第三章是对调研结果的汇总和分析。首先从总体上把握了我国志愿者权益法律保障的情况,包括地方立法及其他相关制度；其次选取14个地方志愿服务规范性文件,通过比较分析,完成我国志愿者权益保障成绩的检视和回顾,以方便制定统一立法时的借鉴和引用；最后通过对问卷的整理归纳出了立法体系、立法内容和法律执行方面存在的阻碍我国志愿者权益法律保障的因素并提出了存在的问题。第四章分两个部分介绍了我国港澳台地区和西方发达国家志愿者权益相关制度。一方面从我国港澳台地区志愿者的发展情况入手介绍了我国港澳台地区志愿者权益保障的制度构架以及可供借鉴的经验和做法；另一方面以西方发达国家为例,从其志愿者权益保障立法及其相关配套制度上分析了西方国家志愿者权益保障的制度构架,着重介绍了美国《志愿者权益保护法案》,试图从立法规范上为我国制定志愿服务立法提供了支撑。第五章从三个方面完成了我国志愿者权益保障立法架构建议。首先结合我国志愿服务队伍出现和发展的情况,阐述了志愿者权益保障立法所应当遵从的原则,如公平原则、与国情相统一原则等；其次从立法主体、立法名称、立法架构、立法依据等8个方面完成了我国志愿服务立法体例总结；最后,从立法法的法理基础及志愿服务立法的目的中概括出为凸显志愿服务立法的作用,应当在完成志愿服务立法的同时,及时研究出台相关配套制度,以保障志愿服务立法能在保障志愿者合法权益中及时合理有效的发挥作用。
[Abstract]:Since the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the 1980s, the Ministry of Civil Affairs launched community voluntary service, and since the establishment of the Young People's Association in the 1990s, our volunteer team has been growing. In particular, after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Wenchuan Earthquake of Sichuan Province in 2008, voluntary service activities began to be generally recognized, understood and accepted by society. The volunteer service has gradually expanded to various fields of social life, and volunteers have played an important role in the aspects of community volunteer service, urban and rural construction, social management, social public welfare and the like, so as to alleviate social conflict, solve social contradiction and maintain social stability. When volunteers bring convenience to our lives, their rights and interests are infringed, and legal remedies cannot be obtained, but also become a large part of our volunteers At present, there are many problems in safeguarding the rights and interests of volunteers, such as the lack of norms and guidelines of unified and effective legal normative documents, the confusion of relevant management organizations and supervision organizations, the monotonous content of local voluntary service legislation, the difficulty of implementation, and the degree of voluntary service cognition. The legal relationship between volunteers, volunteer service organizations and volunteer service objects is unclear, and the legal relationship between volunteers, volunteer service organizations and volunteer service objects is unclear, so that the legal rights and interests of the volunteers are not guaranteed, the relief is difficult after the rights and interests are damaged, and even the effective law cannot be obtained. Relief. How to standardize voluntary service activities and ensure the legal rights and interests of volunteers has become an important factor affecting the further development of volunteer service in China This paper, based on the present situation of the protection and development of volunteer rights and interests in our country, combines the current administrative management system, analyzes the legislation of the protection of the rights and interests of 14 local volunteers in China, compares it with the Federal Volunteer Protection Act of 1997, and adopts the research interview and comparison. In this paper, the theory of the rights and interests of the volunteers is analyzed in depth, and in combination with the investigation practice, the domestic and external related legislation is examined, and the five parts are divided into five parts. The first chapter focuses on the rights and interests of volunteers. The background, the problems and the research significance of the law problem The paper expounds the necessity of the development of volunteers in China and the guarantee of the rights and interests of volunteers, and puts forward the core problems in the security of volunteers' rights and interests in our country. This paper points out the significance of the research of the article, and points out that the research on the legal guarantee of the rights and interests of the volunteers has a very obvious positive role in enriching this theory, standardizing the activities of voluntary service and promoting the cause of volunteering; finally, the party adopted by the research institute The method is briefly summarized. The third part of the second chapter has completed the protection of the volunteer's rights and interests Firstly, by analyzing the definition of the meaning of volunteers at home and abroad, this paper points out the limitations and one-sidedness of our country's current definition of volunteers, and puts forward a new definition of volunteers; then, by applying civil law, labor law and tort in our country. The relevant theories and regulations of the law of responsibility have completed the analysis and determination of the legal status of the volunteers from three aspects, and put forward that the legal guarantee of the rights and interests of the volunteers should be dealt with in a specific way; finally, the existing records have been completed from two aspects in the country and in the country. On the basis of the theory of the safeguard of the rights and interests of the people, this paper expounds the different systems The advantages and disadvantages of safeguarding the rights and interests of volunteers. The third chapter is a summary and analysis of the research results. Firstly, we grasp the legal guarantee of volunteer rights and interests of our country, including local legislation and other relevant systems, and then select 14 normative documents of local voluntary service. The author reviews and reviews the results of the rights and interests of the volunteers, so as to facilitate the development of the reference and reference of the uniform legislation; finally, the legislation system, the legislative content and the legal implementation of the questionnaire are summarized, and the law of the rights and interests of the volunteers in China is hindered. The fourth chapter introduces China's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan areas On the one hand, from the development of volunteers in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, this paper introduces the institutional framework of volunteer rights and interests in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the experience that can be used for reference. On the other hand, based on the western developed countries, the system framework for safeguarding the rights and interests of volunteers in western countries is analyzed from the legislation of the rights and interests of volunteers and its related supporting systems. It provides support for the development of voluntary service legislation in China. The fifth chapter is from three aspects: On the basis of the appearance and development of the volunteer service team in China, this paper expounds the principle that the legislation of safeguarding the rights and interests of volunteers should comply with, such as the principle of fairness and the unification of the national conditions. Secondly, it summarizes the legislation of voluntary service in China from eight aspects: legislative subject, legislative name, legislative framework and legislative basis. Finally, it summarizes the voluntary service from the legal basis and the purpose of legislation of voluntary service. The role of legislation should be studied in time to ensure that voluntary service legislation can be guaranteed while the legislation of voluntary service is completed.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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