重新认识中国劳动人民——劳动法规的历史演变与当前的非正规经济

发布时间：2019-06-15 01:06

【摘要】：今天,传统的"工人"和"农民"范畴已经不再适用于中国社会实际。同时,国家劳动法规已经和实际的劳动人民脱节,相当程度上已经变成只是维护少数特权蓝领工人以及白领公务员、事业人员和大中型企业职员的法规。"工人"、"农民"和"劳动法律"话语其实已经导致对中国社会实际的深层误解。本文论证了今天中国绝大多数的劳动人民既非传统意义的产业工人,也非传统意义的农民,而是半工半农、亦工亦农的农村户籍人员。他们大多处于劳动法律保护的范围之外,被认作为临时性的"劳务"人员,处于"劳务关系"而不是"劳动关系"之中。他们的生活状况和真正的中产阶级差别悬殊,两者几乎属于两个不同世界。今天,包含中产阶级的受到劳动法保护的正规经济只占总就业人员中的16.8%,而半工半农不受劳动法保护的非正规经济的劳动人民则占到83.2%,亟需我们去重新认识。
[Abstract]:Today, the traditional categories of "workers" and "farmers" are no longer applicable to the reality of Chinese society. At the same time, the national labor laws and regulations have been out of touch with the actual working people, to a considerable extent, have become laws and regulations that only safeguard a small number of privileged blue-collar workers, as well as white-collar civil servants, public workers and employees of large and medium-sized enterprises. The words of "workers", "farmers" and "labor laws" have actually led to deep misunderstandings of the reality of Chinese society. This paper demonstrates that the vast majority of the working people in China today are neither industrial workers in traditional sense nor peasants in traditional sense, but rural household registration personnel who work part-time and half-peasants. Most of them are outside the scope of labor legal protection and are recognized as temporary "labor" personnel, "labor relations" rather than "labor relations". Their living conditions are very different from those of the real middle class, which belong to almost two different worlds. Today, the formal economy, which includes the middle class, is protected by labor law, which accounts for only 16.8% of the total employed, while the working people in the informal economy, where part-time farmers are not protected by labor law, account for 83.2%.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶校区历史系;
【分类号】：D922.5

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