《侵权法》中的补偿规则

发布时间：2018-01-16 10:22

本文关键词：《侵权法》中的补偿规则　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着过错客观化和危险责任的兴起,过错责任和危险责任并存的二元化归责原则体系替代了一元的过错责任归责原则体系,侵权责任构成要件体系进行了重构。现代侵权责任构成要件包括损害、因果关系、行为的违法性、归责原则等核心要素。"公平责任"条款不是确定责任归属的标准,而是规定当事人分担意外事故所造成的损害的损失分担条款,并非归责原则。"公平责任"条款规范的行为人不具有可归责性;无、限制行为能力人缺乏侵权责任能力;紧急避险人符合违法性阻却要求;无意识的身体动静不构成法律上的行为;高空抛物可能行为人和避险受益人不存在损害行为。因此以上行为人的行为不符合侵权责任构成要件,不构成侵权行为,其承担的责任不属于侵权责任。上述行为人负补偿责任的规则在功能、法律原则、法律效果、承担侵权责任的方式和法律适用等方面具有相同特征,可以类型化为《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》(以下简称"《侵权法》")中的补偿规则。就补偿规则的体系位置而言,中国的民法体系在法律移植的过程中承继了潘德克顿学派五编式的立法体例和理论,债依其发生的原因可以分成法定之债和意定之债。《侵权法》中的补偿规则属于其他法定之债。在未来走向方面,补偿规则不仅在功能上与侵权法本身的功能定位背道而驰,而且在制度设计上也缺乏有效性。在《侵权法》中规定补偿规则是我国在社会保险制度尚未全面普及,社会救助、商业保险尚不充分的情况下的暂时性方案。因此,在替代性救济制度发展得足够完善时,应当将属于社会法内容的补偿规则部分从《侵权法》中删除。
[Abstract]:With the development of objective fault and risk liability, fault liability and the risk liability coexist two yuan of imputation principle system to replace an element of fault responsibility principle system, elements of tort liability system for the reconstruction. The modern tort liability elements include damage, causation, illegality, imputation principle other core elements. "Fair liability" clause is not the standard to determine the attribution of responsibility, but the provisions of the parties share the accident damage caused by the loss sharing terms, not imputation principle. "Fair liability" clause norms people with no accountability; no, limit the capacity of people who lack of capacity for tort liability; the emergency actions with illegal negates requirements; bodily unconscious does not constitute legal behavior; and the possible behavior of high-altitude parabolic behavior. There is no damage to the beneficiary hedge above behavior People's behavior is not consistent with the requirements of the tort liability, does not constitute infringement, the responsibility does not belong to tort liability. The behavior of negative compensation liability rules in function, legal principle, legal effect, tort liability and application of the law, which has the same characteristics, can be classified into the "tort liability in People's Republic of China law" (hereinafter referred to as the "tort law" > ") compensation rules. System position compensation rules, the civil law system China inherited the legislation and theory of Pande Clintonn school and five form in the process of legal transplant, debt by reason of its occurrence can be divided into statutory debt and compensation rules it. The debt of tort law. < > in the other belongs to legal debt. In the future, the compensation rules not only draw further apart and function orientation of tort law itself in function, but also the lack of the system design The lack of effectiveness. In "tort law > provisions of compensation rules in China is in the social insurance system is not universal, social assistance, temporary commercial insurance scheme is not sufficient conditions. Therefore, in the development of alternative remedy system should be perfect enough, compensation rules will belong to the social law content from < > delete in the tort law.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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