论自然之债在我国未来民法典债法体系中的地位

发布时间：2018-01-28 19:45

本文关键词： 自然之债不完全债权民法典债法体系契约自由　出处：《比较法研究》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：自然之债所要规范的是一些介于法律义务与纯粹的社会、道德义务之间的义务,是法律义务与非法律义务的中间地带,其在欧洲国家民法典中都有规范,仅仅是规范方式不同。大致有德国式规范模式与法国式规范模式。在我国,自然之债也是现实存在的现象,如民间借贷在24%至36%之间的约定利息、超过诉讼时效期间后被债务人抗辩后的债权、缔结婚姻的彩礼等。另外,由于无因管理的法律后果仅仅是让被管理人支付费用等成本,而不当得利制度中的善意获利者也仅仅以利益的现存为限,这样必然会在法律义务与社会义务之间存在自然债务。我国民法典正在编纂过程中,不可能无视自然之债的存在。由于我国许多学者主张未来民法典将合同与侵权独立成编,必然会有"债法总则",从这种情况看,采取法国式的方式,即"一般规定+具体的个别化处理"模式来规范自然之债更适合我国实际。
[Abstract]:What the natural debt should regulate is the obligation between the legal obligation and the pure social and moral obligation, which is the middle zone between the legal obligation and the non-legal obligation, which is regulated in the civil code of European countries. There are German and French norms. In our country, natural debt is a real phenomenon, such as the contracted interest between 24% and 36%. After the period of limitation of action by the debtor after the defense of the creditor's rights, the bride price of marriage. In addition, because of the legal consequences of non-cause management is only to allow the administrator to pay the costs and other costs. However, the bona fide profiteers in the unjust enrichment system are only limited by the extant interests, which will inevitably lead to the existence of natural debts between the legal obligations and the social obligations. The Civil Code of our country is in the process of being codified. It is impossible to ignore the existence of natural debt. Because many scholars in our country advocate that the future civil code will be independent of contract and tort, there will inevitably be "general principles of debt law". That is, "general regulation of specific individual treatment" model to regulate natural debt is more suitable for the reality of our country.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学;
【分类号】：D923.3
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出及研究意义之所以研究自然之债在我国未来民法典中的地位,是因为如下几个方面的原因:(1)在民法债的体系中,自然之债是一个真实的存在,可以说是债的一种“亚类型”,大部分国家都以不同方式在民法典中加以规范。在我国,虽然说《民法通则》与《合同法》或者《物

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