专利侵权视域下中药专利保护的认知与法学思考

发布时间：2018-01-29 00:44

本文关键词： 专利侵权中药保护　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:中国传统医药是我国悠久文明沉淀下来的瑰宝,在历史中早已印证了其相对于西方医学有着独特的疗法和功效。随着世界经济一体化,中国加入世界贸易组织以后越来越多的中药走出中国走向世界,越来越多的“汉方”被世界认可,这其中就产生了巨大的利益关系,国内外的中药专利侵权案件频频发生,而其受害方往往是我国的药企。为了保护我国特有的中药以及我国传统中药企业的利益,必须运用法律的手段来保护中药的知识产权,而在众多知识产权保护的方法里专利保护是最行之有效的。但是由于我国知识产权法公布实施较晚,知识产权保护体系建立不够完善,效仿英美法律体系设定的知识产权相关保护法对中药的保护由于缺乏针对性,保护力度往往比较薄弱。因此,本研究通过对现行的药品专利保护典型案例进行分析,结合分析结果对中药专利保护相关法律认知情况进行调查,研究其存在的不合理因素和缺陷方面,并提出相应的对策及改进意见。方法:本文在研究过程中运用了文献调查法、案例分析法、问卷调查法和专家访谈法等方法。首先对中华人民共和国国家知识产权局网中提取的18个医药专利保护案例进行分析,根据案例分析、文献调查结果设计了《社会大众关于中药专利保护认知调查问卷》和《专家关于中药专利保护认知调查问卷》两种问卷对大众群体和从事医疗、法律和中药制备销售领域的专家进行问卷调查。采用方便抽样的方法,选取某区大众人群作为调查对象,经过对职业、职称、专业背景的考察后在全市选取33名相关专家(其中选取主要处理知识产权纠纷的律师,有过相关专利申请经验的医务工作者以及主要从事知识产权研究的高校教师)作为调查对象,数据录入采用Excel2007和Epidata13,数据录入后采用SPSS22进行数据分析。制作专家访谈提纲,结合案例分析的结果、问卷调查的结果和访谈调查结果进行分析和讨论。结果:1.通过案例分析得知,由于我国现行法律法规对中药专利保护方面的规定不细致、不详尽,导致地方法院在裁定中药专利侵权案件时常常陷入主观臆断的情境。由于专利稳定性弱;侵权取证难度大;法官或代理人不熟悉其领域的专业等原因导致原告很难通过诉讼来维护自己的权益。2.大众对中药专利保护的认知程度方面,在接受调查的660人中有363人仅听说但并不了解过中药专利保护,占总人数55%;有245人完全没有听说过中药专利保护,占总人数37%;真正了解中药专利保护的人仅有52人,仅占总人数8%。进而延伸到中药专利侵权事件的认知程度,有413人完全没听说过有关中药专利侵权的案件发生,占总人数62.6%。由此调查结果可知,在社会中,普通民众对中药专利保护相关的法律常识,中药侵权相关事件的认知存在不足。3.对于普通民众获得中药专利保护相关信息的渠道的调查结果来看,有276人是通过广播报纸电视等公共媒体获知,占总人数的66.5%;有27人是通过其他宣传活动(包括社区海报、新媒体、互联网宣传等)了解,仅占总人数的6.5%。由此可知,在普通民众接触到中药专利保护相关的信息渠道很少,大多数人都是通过传统媒体不经意获取,在日常生活中存在感很低,为了能加强普通民众对中药的知识产权保护,专利保护的思维框架,应该增加现代社会中最流行的媒体宣传,利用互联网+的理念打造新的普法形式,诸如自媒体宣传,微信公众号宣传等更有效的方式。4.结合大众和专家对中药专利保护力度的调查结果来看,普通民众认为现有的专利保护法对中药的保护力度一般和不好以及说不清楚的分别有260人和198人,148人,占总人数的39.4%和30%,22.4%,专家则有15人和14人觉得保护力度一般和不好,占总人数的45.5%和42.4%。由此可见不论是普通大众还是专家大都觉得我国传统中药并没有得到相应强度的专利保护,这一定程度上说明了,我国现有法律对我国传统中药的保护力度比较薄弱。5.在调查专家对我国中药专利保护存在的问题中可以发现,有24位专家认为我国现有的专利保护法律不适应我国特有国情,占总人数的72%;有20位专家认为我国现在缺乏中药专利保护相关的专业人才,占总人数60.6%;有18位专家认为,国民对中药专利保护相关知识和体系了解匮乏,占总人数54.5%。有17位专家认为西药现在占据着医疗的主体地位,占总人数的51.5%。由此可见,以上四点是被调查专家所提出的现阶段,中国中药专利保护存在的主要不足问题。6.通过对普通民众和专家群体的问卷调查以及专家访谈,调查结果可知,目前民众对我国的中药专利保护相关信息了解的非常不足,获取信息渠道过于单一。大众和专家对我国的中药专利保护力度普遍不甚满意。我国的中药专利相关法律不完善,专业从业人员缺乏等问题突出。结论:1.当前我国的中药专利侵权案件司法程序中存在很多问题,亟待改善。2.对中药专利保护相关法律的普及不到位,应该推出一些更新颖的方法来宣传。3.我国药企对中药专利保护程度不高,且缺乏相关专业人才,致使中药专利保护没有得到应有的重视。4我国现有的专利法对我国特有的中药保护很不到位,相关法律法规也不够详细且缺乏操作性,亟待推出一部专门的中药专利保护法。
[Abstract]:Objective: to Chinese traditional medicine is a treasure of our ancient civilization to settle down, in history has already proved its relative to western medicine therapy and has a unique function. With the integration of the world economy, Chinese after joining the world trade organization more and more traditional Chinese medicine Chinese out to the world, more and more "Chinese" is recognized by the world, the which has great interest at home and abroad, the Chinese patent infringement cases occurred frequently, and the victim is often China's pharmaceutical companies. In order to protect the Chinese characteristic and the interests of enterprises of traditional Chinese medicine, we must use legal means to protect the intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine, and in many methods of intellectual property rights the protection of patent protection is the most effective. But because of China's intellectual property law promulgated later, intellectual property protection system is not perfect, in imitation of Anglo American The intellectual property protection law system set the protection of Chinese traditional medicine due to the lack of pertinence, protection is often weak. Therefore, this study based on the current drug patent protection analysis of typical cases, combined with the results of traditional Chinese medicine patent protection legal cognition to the investigation of the existence of irrational factors and defects, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: This paper uses the method of literature survey in the process of research, case analysis, questionnaire and expert interviews and other methods. Firstly, extracting the State Intellectual Property Office of People's Republic of China network of 18 pharmaceutical patent protection case analysis, according to the case analysis, literature survey results "the public about the design of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine Cognition Questionnaire" and "experts on the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine cognition questionnaire > two. Roll to the public and medical experts engaged in the fields of law and medicine sales, preparation of the questionnaire. By convenient sampling, selecting a district population as the research object, through the occupation, title, visit the professional background of the post selection of 33 experts in the city (including the selection of main disputes over intellectual property lawyer a medical worker, the relevant patent application experience and is mainly engaged in the research of intellectual property rights of University Teachers) as the research object, using Excel2007 and Epidata13 data entry, data entry after the data was analyzed by SPSS22. Making expert interviews, combined with the results of the case analysis, the results of the questionnaire and interview survey results were analyzed and discussed. Results: 1. through the analysis of the case that, due to China's current laws and regulations on the provisions of the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine is not careful, not detailed, lead to Methods hospital often fall into the subjective impression of the ruling Chinese patent infringement cases of the situation. As a result of the patent infringement stability weak; evidence is difficult; the judge or agent not familiar with its expertise and other causes of the plaintiff is difficult through action to safeguard their rights and interests.2. public awareness of Chinese Medicine patent protection, in 660 people the survey of 363 people have only heard of but do not understand the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, the total number of 55%; 245 people has not heard of the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, the total number of 37%; real understanding of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine has only 52 people, accounting for only the total number of 8%. and then extended to the cognition of Chinese medicine patent infringement. There are 413 people did not listen to the case about the Chinese patent infringement occurred, the total number of 62.6%. the survey results, in the society, the ordinary people of Chinese patent protection law knowledge, Event related Chinese medicine infringement cognitive deficiencies.3. for ordinary people to get the results of the survey of Chinese medicine patent protection related information channels, there are 276 people through public media broadcasting, newspapers and television that the total number of 66.5%; 27 people through other promotional activities (including community posters, new media, Internet publicity etc.) understand, only the total number of 6.5%. thus come into contact with the ordinary people in the traditional Chinese medicine patent protection related information channels rarely, most of them are obtained by traditional media inadvertently, in daily life are very low, in order to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights of Chinese ordinary people, the thinking frame of patent protection should be. The increase is most popular in modern society, the media, the use of Internet plus the idea of creating a new legal form, such as publicity from the media, the public, WeChat promotion more effective way of.4 . combined with the public and expert survey results of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, ordinary people think of patent protection law for the protection of the existing of Chinese medicine in general and not good, that is not clear and there were 260 people and 198 people, 148 people, accounting for 39.4% of the total number of 30%, 22.4%, 15 people and experts 14 people think that protection is generally not good, accounting for 45.5% of the total number of 42.4%. and thus whether the general public or most experts think of traditional Chinese medicine, and did not get patent protection strength corresponding to a certain extent, this shows that China's existing laws on the protection of traditional Chinese medicine is relatively weak in the.5. survey of experts the existence of patent protection of Chinese traditional medicine problems can be found, 24 experts think the patent protection law of our country existing not adapt to our country's specific conditions, the total number of 72%; 20 experts believe that China is now missing The lack of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine related professionals, accounting for 60.6% of the total; 18 experts think, related to the national traditional Chinese medicine patent protection system of knowledge and lack of knowledge, the total number of 54.5%. 17 experts think western medicine now occupies the medical subject status, the total number of 51.5%. in the above four points is a stage the investigation made by experts,.6. the main problems existing China Chinese medicine patent protection through questionnaire survey and expert interview to the general public and expert groups, survey results, the current population of our traditional Chinese medicine patent protection related information are insufficient, access to information channels over a single. The public and experts in China Chinese patent protection is generally not satisfactory. Chinese patent related law in our country is not perfect, the lack of professional practitioners and other problems. Conclusion: 1. current China's patent medicine There are many problems in judicial proceedings in tort cases, the urgent need to improve the popularity of.2. related to traditional Chinese medicine patent protection law is not in place, should introduce some more innovative ways to promote Chinese medicine patent protection degree is not high on the.3. of China's pharmaceutical companies, and the lack of relevant professionals, resulting in the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine has not been given due attention in our country's existing.4 the patent law is not in place for the protection of traditional Chinese medicine of China, relevant laws and regulations are not detailed enough and the lack of interoperability, which launched a special patent protection of Chinese law.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.42

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