论我国动产物权法律适用立法中的当事人意思自治原则

发布时间：2018-02-16 09:32

本文关键词： 动产物权意思自治物之所在地法　出处：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国2010年《涉外民事关系法律适用法》对动产物权的法律适用问题进行了专门规定,填补了相关的立法空白,并因引入了当事人意思自治原则而引起了极大关注。“物权法定”是我国《物权法》的原则,关于在法律适用领域中当事人的意思自治能否被采用以及能够在多大程度上被采用的争论,并未因相关规定的出现而终结。本文拟在分析动产物权法律适用中引入当事人意思自治原则的原因的基础上,对我国动产物权法律适用立法中对当事人意思自治原则的具体规定进行分析和评估,并尝试梳理存在的问题和寻求解决问题的路径及提出解决问题的建议。本文分为具有内在逻辑联系的三个部分:第一部分对动产物权法律适用引入当事人意思自治原则的原因进行了分析。由于物之所在地有时候难以确定或者仅与有关动产物权关系存在偶然的联系,使得传统物之所在地法原则的适用面临挑战。加之动产物权领域本身存在着当事人意思自治的空间,当事人意思自治原则的适用存在着诸如能够避免动产因所在地变动而导致准据法的不确定、增强了当事人对法律适用的合理预期并在物权变动的情况下保持了合同准据法的协调一致等优势,使得动产物权领域考虑新的法律适用原则时当事人意思自治原则成为一个必然的选择。第二个部分对我国动产物权法律适用立法中当事人意思自治原则的具体规定进行了阐述。在我国相关规定中,当事人意思自治原则作为首要的法律适用原则被运用于一般动产物权和运输中的动产物权的领域中,且采用的是与合同领域一样的完全的当事人意思自治原则。在意思自治的方式上是以明示为原则和以默示为例外。对运输中的动产物权,当事人协议选择的准据法仅适用于物权变更问题,而对一般动产物权则无此种限制而将其适用于所有动产物权问题。第三个部分对我国动产物权法律适用中当事人意思自治原则的立法规定存在的缺陷及其完善进行了论证。立法规定中采用完全的当事人意思自治原则对当事人意思自治的效力、当事人选法范围以及当事人选择的法律的适用范围都缺乏必要的限制。针对立法规定的这种缺陷,在修法程序的启动并不现实的前提下,完全可以结合当事人意思自治原则的运用特点即需要一些可操作性的规范的配合,通过司法运用中对当事人意思自治原则的必要限制来予以克服,主要体现为:当事人意思自治的时间应当限制在一审法庭辩论终结前;由于物权法定的限制,必须明确当事人意思自治的效力只能及于物权争议双方的当事人而不得对抗第三人;当事人协议选择法律应以与争议具有实际联系为限且只能适用于物权变动的问题而不能及于其他。此外,当事人意思自治原则的适用还必须受到强制性规则的直接适用以及公共秩序保留制度的限制。
[Abstract]:In 2010, the Law on the legal Application of Foreign Civil Relations made a special provision on the legal application of movable property right, which filled the relevant legislative gaps. And because of the introduction of the principle of party autonomy, it has aroused great concern. "Real right Law" is the principle of "property Law" in our country. The debate as to whether and to what extent party autonomy can be adopted in the field of application of the law, This paper intends to analyze the reasons for the introduction of the principle of party autonomy in the application of the law on movable property. This paper analyzes and evaluates the specific provisions of the principle of party autonomy in the applicable legislation of the law on real property of movable property in our country. This paper is divided into three parts with inherent logic connection: the first part introduces the parties' intention to apply the law of movable property right. The reasons for the principle of governance are analyzed. Because the location of the property is sometimes difficult to determine or there is only a casual connection with the property right relationship of the movable property, This makes the application of the principle of the law of location of the traditional thing face a challenge. In addition, there is a space for the autonomy of the party's will in the field of real property of movable property. The application of the principle of party autonomy exists such as the ability to avoid uncertainty of applicable law due to changes in the location of movable property, Enhancing the parties' reasonable expectation of the application of the law and maintaining the harmonization of the applicable law of the contract in the case of the alteration of the real right, and so on. It is an inevitable choice to consider the principle of party autonomy in the field of real property right of movable property. The second part is the specific rules of the principle of party autonomy in the legislation of the application of law on real property of movable property in our country. In the relevant regulations of our country, As the primary principle of legal application, the principle of party autonomy has been applied in the field of general movable property and moveable real right in transportation. And it adopts the same complete principle of party autonomy as in the field of contract. In the way of autonomy of will, the express principle and implied principle are taken as the exception. The applicable law chosen by agreement of the parties is only applicable to the issue of alteration of real right, The third part is about the defects of the legislative provisions of the principle of party autonomy in the application of the law of movable property in our country and its perfection. The effect of adopting the principle of complete party autonomy on party autonomy in the legislative provisions has been demonstrated. The scope of the parties' choice of law and the scope of application of the law chosen by the parties lack the necessary restrictions. It can be fully combined with the characteristics of the application of the principle of party's will autonomy, that is, it needs some operable norms to cooperate, and it can be overcome by the necessary restriction of the principle of party's will autonomy in the judicial application. Mainly reflected as follows: the time of party autonomy should be limited before the conclusion of the debate in the court of first instance; due to the limitation of the property law, It must be made clear that the effect of party autonomy can only be extended to the parties to the dispute on property rights and not against the third party. The parties shall agree that the choice of law shall be limited to matters which have a practical connection with the dispute and which can only be applied to the question of alteration of property rights, and shall not be applicable to any other matter. The application of the principle of party autonomy must also be restricted by the direct application of mandatory rules and the reservation of public order.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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