人格权法中安宁权的构建

发布时间：2018-02-22 12:07

本文关键词： 安宁权一般人格权人格利益　出处：《吉林财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人们物质生活水平的提高,对精神生活的要求也相应提高,而现实生活却大量涌现非法跟踪、非法搜查、性骚扰、垃圾邮件、骚扰电话、噪声污染、环境侵权等叨扰私生活安宁的案件,这些案件与人们的生活息息相关,不仅影响私生活的质量,更影响良好的社会秩序的构建。因为现行立法中没有安宁权的相关规定,存在着人们的需求与立法层面的不可调和的矛盾。本文以近5年的司法实践中的关涉生活安宁权的真实案例为重要参考资料,借鉴相关专家学者的学术观点,首先对立法中未曾规定的“安宁权”的概念与特征进行剖析,发现“安宁权”应属于一项绝对的精神性人格权,间接影响自然人的物质生活,其应具有固有性、可克减性等特征。通过研究古今中外人格权的相关立法,对比诸多学者有关“安宁权”的立法建议,再结合人格权变动理论,总结出“安宁权”立法的三种模式。通过在正文中列举出的三个典型案例,运用实证研究的方法,更加鲜明的指出“安宁权”保护的现状和不足。通过分析安宁权保护的必要性和可行性,运用矛盾统一法发现“安宁权”具体化中存在诸多矛盾。在正文的第四部分,笔者大笔墨论述了“安宁权”与“一般人格权”和“具体人格权”的关系,通过对比论证的方法,重点探讨了“安宁权”与隐私权的关系。笔者撰写本文之际,正值《民法典》总则即将出台之时,由此提出了如若人格权法在《民法典》中独立成编,将如何保护“安宁权”的立法建议。最终得出对于“安宁权”这样一种新兴权利,如果能在法律条文中明确规定“一般人格权”加以保护的方法更具有可行性和可操作性。本文的创新之处在文章的最后将不当得利制度作为安宁权侵权的请求权基础,加强对“安宁权”的保护,尊重和维护人格独立与人格尊严,使人富有尊严地生活,是顺应时代发展的必然趋势。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's material standard of living, the demands on spiritual life have been raised accordingly, but in real life, illegal tracking, illegal search, sexual harassment, spam, phone calls, noise pollution have emerged in large numbers. Environmental infringement and other cases that disturb the tranquillity of private life are closely related to people's lives. They not only affect the quality of private life, but also affect the construction of a good social order. Because there are no relevant provisions on the right of tranquillity in the current legislation, There are irreconcilable contradictions between people's needs and legislation. This paper takes the real cases concerning the right to peace of life in the judicial practice in the past five years as an important reference material and draws on the academic viewpoints of relevant experts and scholars. First of all, the concept and characteristics of "right of tranquillity", which has not been stipulated in legislation, is analyzed. It is found that "right of tranquility" should belong to an absolute spiritual personality right and indirectly affect the material life of natural persons. By studying the relevant legislation of personality right in ancient and modern countries, comparing the legislative suggestions of many scholars about "right of tranquillity", and combining the theory of change of personality right, This paper sums up the three models of "right of tranquillity" legislation. Through the three typical cases listed in the text, it uses the method of empirical research. By analyzing the necessity and feasibility of the protection of the right of tranquillity, we find that there are many contradictions in the concretization of the right of tranquillity by using the law of contradiction and unification. In the 4th part of the text, the author points out that there are many contradictions in the protection of the right of tranquillity. The author discusses the relationship between "peace right", "general personality right" and "specific personality right", and discusses the relationship between "peace right" and privacy right by means of comparison and argumentation. At a time when the general principles of the Civil Code are coming out, it puts forward the legislative suggestions on how to protect the "right of tranquillity" if the personality right law is made up independently in the Civil Code. Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the "right of tranquility" is a new kind of right. If the method of "general personality right" to be protected is more feasible and operable in the legal provisions, the innovation of this paper is to regard the improper enrichment system as the basis of the right of claim for the infringement of the right of tranquility at the end of the article. Strengthening the protection of "right of tranquillity", respecting and safeguarding personality independence and dignity, making people live with dignity is the inevitable trend of the development of the times.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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