医疗损害责任因果关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 09:33

本文关键词： 因果关系医疗损害判断规则　出处：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为侵权责任的构成要件之一,因果关系无论在理论研究方面还是在司法实践中都具有重要地位,但有关此问题的研究成果却不多见,尤其是在医疗损害责任领域更是凤毛麟角。医疗损害责任因果关系既关系到责任承担主体的判断,又决定了责任主体承担责任的范围及大小,而且涉及到社会稳定等多方面的问题,一直被社会各界广泛关注。随着社会的不断发展,医疗损害责任纠纷也日趋复杂,是司法实践中经常遇到但是又经常产生争议的问题。本文选择医疗损害责任的因果关系作为研究对象,采用查阅资料、分析案例、比较研究等方法对医疗损害责任因果关系的认定规则进行了比较深入的研究。通过对当前医疗损害责任因果关系判断中存在的问题进行分析,提出了医疗损害责任因果关系有无、大小判断规则的一些建议。为了能够使医疗损害责任因果关系的研究在法学理论上有所贡献,同时,也希望更好的解决司法实践中存在的争议,起到应有的解决纠纷作用,维护社会秩序的稳定。本文以法学理论为基础,以指导实践为目的对医疗损害责任的因果关系进行了深入研究：首先,分析司法实践中的具体案例,提出因果关系有无、大小如何判断的问题,指出因果关系的认定在医疗损害案件中的关键地位,并分析了研究医疗损害责任的因果关系在伦理学、经济学、社会学、心理学上的意义。然后,通过对两大法系因果关系基本理论进行分析,认为在医疗损害案件中应当借鉴普通法系的二分法法则,先对事实因果关系进行认定,再对法律因果关系进行认定,也即对因果关系的两个层面分步骤进行认定。普通法系的二分法法则在医疗损害案件中更符合医学学科的特点,认定医疗损害责任因果关系时脉络更为清晰,值得我国借鉴。最后,在分析过因果关系的基本理论后,坚持从实践中来到实践中去的研究方法,针对前述案例中引出的问题提出了解决的办法,对医院的医疗行为与患者的损害结果是否存在因果关系、存在因果关系的关联性有多大,也即因果关系的有无、大小,进行具体的分析判断。认为对医疗损害责任因果关系有无的判断,应采纳社会经验规则、无此则无彼规则、修正条件规则、客观归责规则、作为义务规则等,从而确定医疗损害责任的归属；在确定医疗机构的医疗行为与患者的损害结果具有因果关系的前提下,因果关系大小的判断应采用区分直接原因与间接原因、主要原因与次要原因、必然原因与偶然原因、强势原因与弱势原因等标准,且采用自然科学法则和社会经验法则两种判断方法。
[Abstract]:As one of the constitutive elements of tort liability, causality plays an important role in both theoretical research and judicial practice, but the research results on this issue are rare. Especially in the field of medical damage liability, the causality of medical damage liability is not only related to the judgment of the subject of responsibility, but also determines the scope and size of the responsibility of the subject. With the development of the society, the dispute of medical damage liability is becoming more and more complicated, which is often encountered in judicial practice but often controversial. In this paper, the causality of medical damage liability is chosen as the research object, and the case is analyzed by consulting data. Through comparative research and other methods, this paper makes a deep study on the rules of determining the causality of medical damage liability. Through the analysis of the problems existing in the judgment of the causality of medical damage liability at present, In order to make the research on the causality of medical damage liability contribute to the theory of law, at the same time, the author puts forward some suggestions on the causality of medical damage liability. I also hope to solve the disputes in judicial practice better, play a due role in resolving disputes, and maintain the stability of social order. This paper is based on the theory of law. The causality of medical damage liability is studied in order to guide practice. First of all, it analyzes the specific cases in judicial practice, puts forward the question of whether and how to judge the causality, and points out the key position of the determination of causality in medical injury cases. It also analyzes the significance of causality in ethics, economics, sociology and psychology. Then, through the analysis of the basic theory of causality between the two legal systems, the author thinks that the dichotomy of the common law system should be used for reference in the medical injury cases, the factual causality should be recognized first, and then the legal causality should be determined. The dichotomy of common law law in medical injury cases is more in line with the characteristics of medical disciplines, and the causal relationship of medical damage liability is more clear, which is worth our country to learn. Finally, after analyzing the basic theory of causality, we insist on the research method from practice to practice, and put forward solutions to the problems raised in the above-mentioned cases. Whether there is a causal relationship between the medical behavior of the hospital and the damage result of the patient, and how relevant the causality is, that is, whether or not there is a causal relationship, whether or not there is a causal relationship, The author thinks that to judge the causality of medical damage liability, we should adopt the rules of social experience, if there is no such rule, amend the condition rule, objective imputation rule, as the obligation rule, etc. On the premise of determining the causality between the medical behavior of the medical institution and the result of the patient's injury, the size of the causality should be judged by distinguishing the direct cause from the indirect cause. The main cause and secondary reason, inevitable reason and accidental reason, strong cause and weak cause, etc., and adopt two kinds of judgment methods: natural science law and social experience rule.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】