论按份共有中应有部分的处分

发布时间：2018-03-31 04:02

本文选题：按份共有　切入点：应有部分　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据我国《物权法》的规定,共有分为按份共有和共同共有,而按份共有更为具有典型性。与共同共有相比,按份共有原理更为复杂,权利义务关系更加繁琐。明确了按份共有的基本规则,就可以举重以明轻,明确共同共有的规则。那么,在按份共有中,按份共有人如何处分自己的应有部分就变得更为重要。应有部分具有抽象性,其处分也是偏向理论性,为了化抽象为具体,本文将通过理论联系实际的方式来论述应有部分的处分。文章开始通过案例引入,案例主要涉及在应有部分上设定抵押、转让及优先购买权、共有物的分出等。此外,对于应有部分各个具体的处分,也尽可能的通过举例来帮助理解,加以证明其存在的合理性。第一部分是有关按份共有的概述,涉及按份共有,应有部分的基础理论知识。主要介绍了按份共有的概念、特征、发生原因;应有部分的概念、性质;应有部分的处分所涵盖的范围等,为下文详细介绍应有部分的处分做理论铺垫。按份共有的应有部分是最接近于单独所有权的一种共有形态。应有部分是抽象的,也就是说,按份共有人的权利义务并不局限在某一个部分上,而是及于整个共有财产,不能具体特定。应有部分是按份共有人行使权利的基础,应有部分的处分是研究的重点。第二到五部分是文章的核心内容,也就是文章针对应有部分的处分权具体讨论的问题。处分包含事实上的处分及法律上的处分,因应有部分抽象存在于整个共有物,事实处分将损害其他共有人的权益。文章所讨论的应有部分的处分只能为法律上的处分,包括分出、转让、设定负担、出租、抛弃等。第一,关于分出,如果按份共有人没有关于限制分割的约定,那么共有人就可以要求分出。第二,关于转让,应当不仅包括有偿转让,也包括无偿赠与;而在有偿转让情况下,又涉及到其他按份共有人优先购买权。第三,关于设定负担,分为担保物权和用益物权,在担保物权里讨论了抵押和质押以及与其相关的问题,笔者认为,在应有部分之上是可以设定抵押权和质权的。对于用益物权的设定,学者有所争议,但笔者认为,并非不可设定,在一定情况下,会存在在应有部分设定用益物权的情形,文章有所举例。第四,关于出租,探讨了出租存在的必要及例证。第五,关于抛弃,主要谈及抛弃后应有部分的归属问题,出于提高物的利用效率、避免发生纠纷等目的,被抛弃的应有部分应当归其他按份共有人所有。文章的尾语部分,针对文章一开始案例所提出的问题,结合整个上文对应有部分处分的论证,做出了分析,提出了处理方案,希望对之后此类案件的处理有参考意义。
[Abstract]:According to the provisions of the Real right Law of our country, the common ownership is divided into two categories: the co-ownership and the co-ownership, and the co-ownership is more typical. Compared with the co-ownership, the principle of co-ownership is more complex. The relationship between rights and obligations is more complicated. By defining the basic rules of sharing by share, you can lift weights with light weight and clear rules of common ownership. It becomes even more important how to dispose of one's due part, which is abstract, and its disposition is also theoretical, in order to turn it into concrete. This article will discuss the proper part of the disposition by combining theory with practice. The article begins with the introduction of cases, which mainly involve the setting of mortgage, transfer and preemptive right, the division of common property, etc. To the extent possible, to the extent possible, to assist in understanding and justifying the existence of each specific disposition of the appropriate part... the first part is an overview of the sharing of shares by share, which involves the sharing of shares by share, It mainly introduces the concept, characteristics, causes of occurrence, the concept and nature of the due part, the scope of the punishment of the due part, etc. Lay the groundwork for the following detailed description of the disposition of the due part. The shared part is a common form closest to individual ownership. The proper part is abstract, that is, The rights and obligations of the co-owners are not limited to a particular part, but rather to the whole common property and cannot be specified... and shall be the basis for the exercise of the rights by the co-owners, The second to fifth parts are the core contents of the article, that is, the specific issues discussed in the article in view of the due part of the right of disposition. The punishment includes the de facto punishment and the legal sanction. In view of the fact that a part of the abstract exists in the whole common property, the actual disposition will impair the rights and interests of the other co-owners. The appropriate part of the punishment discussed in this article can only be a legal disposition, including division, transfer, setting a burden, renting out, First, about division, if there is no agreement on limiting division, then the co-owner can ask for separation. Second, regarding transfer, it should include not only the transfer with compensation, but also the gratuitous gift; In the case of a compensated transfer, it involves the preemptive right of other co-owners. Third, the burden of creation is divided into security interests and usufruct interests. In the case of security interests, the issues of mortgage and pledge and their related issues are discussed. The author thinks that mortgage and pledge can be set up on the basis of due part. The scholars dispute about the setting of usufruct right, but the author thinks that it is not impossible to set, under certain circumstances, There are some examples in this paper. Fourth, about leasing, the paper discusses the necessity and example of the existence of lease. Fifth, about abandonment, it mainly talks about the ownership of the part after abandonment. For the purpose of improving the efficiency of material utilization and avoiding disputes, the abandoned parts should be owned by other co-owners. The last part of the article, according to the questions raised in the case at the beginning of the article, Combined with the whole argument of the corresponding part of punishment above, this paper makes an analysis and puts forward a solution, hoping that it will be of reference significance to the treatment of this kind of cases.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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