论民法对性权利的保护

发布时间：2018-04-08 08:05

本文选题：性权利　切入点：人格权　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的不断发展,人们的物质生活水平得到了极大提高,权利意识不断增强,精神需求也日渐多元化。在人们眼中,“性”不再是讳莫如深的字眼,而是采取了更加理性、客观的看待。1999年在香港举行的第14次世界性学大会通过了《性权宣言》。《性权宣言》虽然不具备任何实质性的法律效力,它对性权利的界定也有很多值得商讨的地方,但它将性权利宣称为是“基本的、普世的人权”,致力于在世界范围内保护性权利,促进性健康的努力,不得不说是非常积极的,其对我们的性法律、性道德、性观念也肯定会产生越来越大的影响。近年来,性骚扰、性侵案件频频发生,但是由于缺乏完善的性权利保护机制,致使受害人的合法权益得不到有效的保护,我们应尽快在相关法律中明确性权利的法律地位以及性权利救济的相关内容。本文主要运用了文献研究法、调查法、比较研究法、个案研究法等方法,从民法的角度,通过对性权利的内涵外延、性质内容,国内和国际对其进行法律保护的现状,性权利的民法保护方面存在的问题以及针对这些问题的建议等四个方面进行论述。第一部分从性权利与相关联的性法律概念的概念辨析入手开始了解其历史沿革,主要分析阐述了学术界关于性权利的三中学说,即“性自主权”说、“贞操权”说以及“配偶权”说。并对性权利的概念、性质,特征,权利内容等方面的问题进行了分析界定,第二部分归纳了国内与国外关于性权利法律保护的现状以及国外关于性权利保护的借鉴意义。第三部分主要列举了在我国对性权利的民事保护中,实践中出现的典型问题;第四部分提出了笔者认为合理的完善性权利民事保护的建议。在本文中,笔者认为性权利属于民事权利范畴且属于人格权,此外性权利不能为一般人格权所吸收,而应该作为一种具体人格权具有独立的法律地位。在性权利的内容分析中,笔者认为性权利不仅是一项物质性权利,也是一种精神性权利,并且精神性权利中除了包括自主权和平等权之外还应当包括性救济权。考虑到与现行民法更好地融合,笔者认为在性行为能力部分,应当沿用民法关于民事行为能力的分类,性行为能力应当分为完全性行为能力、限制行行为能力以及无性行为能力。对于性权利立法保护的完善应当以民法保护为主,建议人格权独立成编,提出应当重视男性、同性恋者以及易性病患者的性权利保护。司法实践中主要涉及了婚姻存续期间性权利的行使与保护问题,以及性侵害案件中的损害赔偿问题。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society, people's material living standard has been greatly improved, the consciousness of right has been strengthened constantly, and the spiritual needs have become more and more diverse.In people's eyes, "sex" is no longer a secretive word, but a more rational one.Look at it objectively. The 14th World Conference on sexuality, held in Hong Kong in 1999, adopted the Declaration on the right to Sex. Although the Declaration does not have any substantive legal effect, its definition of sexual rights is also worth discussing.But it claims that sexual rights are "fundamental, universal human rights," and its efforts to protect rights and promote sexual health around the world have to be very positive, and they are very positive about our sexual laws, our sexual morality,Sexual attitudes are also bound to have a growing impact.In recent years, cases of sexual harassment and sexual assault have occurred frequently, but due to the lack of a sound mechanism for the protection of sexual rights, the legitimate rights and interests of the victims have not been effectively protected.We should clarify the legal status of sexual rights and the relevant content of sexual rights relief in relevant laws as soon as possible.This article mainly uses the literature research method, the investigation method, the comparative research method, the case study method and so on, from the angle of the civil law, through to the connotation extension, the nature content, the domestic and the international carries on the legal protection present situation to the sexual right,The problems existing in the civil law protection of sexual rights and the suggestions for these problems are discussed.The first part begins with the analysis of the concept of sexual right and the related concept of sexual law. It mainly analyzes and expounds the theory of "sexual autonomy" in three middle schools about sexual rights in academic circles.The theory of "right of chastity" and the theory of "right of spouse".And the concept, nature, characteristics, content and other aspects of sexual rights are analyzed and defined. The second part summarizes the current situation of the legal protection of sexual rights at home and abroad, as well as the reference significance of foreign countries on the protection of sexual rights.The third part mainly enumerates the typical problems in the practice of the civil protection of sexual rights in our country, and the fourth part puts forward the suggestions of perfecting the civil protection of sexual rights which the author thinks is reasonable.In this paper, the author thinks that sexual rights belong to the category of civil rights and personality rights, in addition, sexual rights can not be absorbed by the general personality rights, but should have an independent legal status as a specific personality right.In the analysis of the content of sexual rights, the author thinks that sexual rights are not only a material right, but also a spiritual right. Besides the right of autonomy and equality, the right of sexual relief should also be included in the spiritual right.Considering the better integration with the current civil law, the author thinks that in the part of sexual capacity, the classification of civil capacity in civil law should be followed, and sexual capacity should be divided into complete sexual capacity.Limit behavior capacity and asexual ability.The perfection of the legislative protection of sexual rights should be based on the civil law protection, and it is suggested that the personality right should be independently edited, and that the protection of the sexual rights of men, homosexuals and sexually transmitted diseases patients should be paid more attention to.Judicial practice mainly involves the exercise and protection of sexual rights during marriage as well as compensation for damages in sexual assault cases.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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