不安抗辩权构成要件的司法裁判标准

发布时间：2018-04-21 22:36

本文选题：不安抗辩权 + 预期违约　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不安抗辩权是重要的合同抗辩权利制度,在贯彻公平原则、维护交易安全、降低权利人风险等方面起重要作用。不安抗辩权构成要件有五个,一是以有效的双务合同为基础,排除无效、单务合同;二是合同有先后履约顺序之分,排除同时履行合同;三是后履行一方存在丧失、可能丧失履约能力的情形,防止不安抗辩权的滥用;四是权利行使期间为合同生效后、先履行义务一方给付完成前;五是被主张权利方未提供担保、给付对价。后两个要件在司法实践中易于判断,争议不大,前三个构成要件的判断标准则值得研究。判断合同是否有效应当重点审查合同是否违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定,注意区分合同本身、合同义务违反强制性规定的情形;实践中绝大多数商事合同均明确了履约顺序,在约定不明的情况下,对于履约顺序的裁判标准应当严格把握,谨慎认定合同履行顺序。后履行义务一方是否存在丧失、可能丧失履约能力的情形,是司法裁判标准的重点与难点。中国裁判机构近期的裁判标准趋于保守,反映了司法机关注重促进交易正常进行、防止不安抗辩权滥用的司法政策。在未来的司法实践中,裁判者应当在把握市场经济发展的趋势下对司法政策进行调整,以实现维护交易安全与促进交易自由之间的平衡。
[Abstract]:The right of disquiet defense is an important system of contract defense right, which plays an important role in carrying out the principle of fairness, maintaining the security of transaction and reducing the risk of the obligee. There are five constitutive elements of the right of restless defense: one is to exclude invalid and single service contracts on the basis of effective double service contracts; the other is to exclude the simultaneous performance of contracts in the order of performance; and third, to lose one party after performing the contract. It is possible to lose the ability to perform, prevent the abuse of the right of restless defense; fourth, during the period of exercise of the right, after the contract becomes effective, before the completion of the first party to perform the obligation, and fifth, the party claiming the right has not provided the guarantee and paid consideration. The latter two elements are easy to judge in judicial practice. To judge whether the contract is valid or not, we should focus on examining whether the contract is in violation of the mandatory provisions of the law and administrative regulations, and pay attention to distinguishing the contract itself and the circumstances in which the contractual obligations violate the mandatory provisions; In practice, most commercial contracts have defined the order of performance. In the case of unclear agreement, the judgment standard of performance order should be strictly grasped, and the order of performance of the contract should be carefully determined. It is the key and difficult point of the judicial judgment standard whether or not one party of the post-performance obligation has lost or may lose the ability to perform. The recent judicial standards of China's judicial organs tend to be conservative, reflecting the judicial policy of promoting the normal conduct of transactions and preventing the abuse of the right of uneasiness of defense. In the future judicial practice, the referee should adjust the judicial policy under the trend of market economy development, in order to realize the balance between maintaining the transaction security and promoting the trade freedom.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

【相似文献】