论侵害占有的损害赔偿责任

发布时间：2018-05-26 12:30

本文选题：占有 + 占有侵害　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：占有的性质为事实，为维护和平的社会秩序，民法一般规定占有自力救济权和占有保护请求权以恢复占有这种事实的原来状态，正如耶林所言，在占有之诉中，强盗和小偷亦受保护。但是维护社会秩序的理由不足以支撑占有损害赔偿责任，占有被侵害之所以能获得赔偿，在于占有上承载的正当性利益受到损害。我国《物权法》第245条规定了占有损害赔偿责任，但该规定及相关的法律解释在责任性质、责任构成以及赔偿范围等方面却未进一步明确，可能导致法律适用中的分歧。占有损害赔偿责任在性质上属于一般侵权责任，，但由于占有这种事实有其特殊性，必须将《物权法》关于该责任的规定与《侵权责任法》中一般侵权责任相结合，才能确定其构成要件及责任的承担。占有损害赔偿责任应以过错为要件，虽然占有属于法益，但在侵权法中应得到类似权利的保护，无论故意还是过失侵害占有都应承担赔偿责任。侵害占有是否造成损害，应依占有上承载的正当性利益判断，在我国现行民法体系下，占有的损害仅包含有权占有在本权内容范围内的使用、收益损害及善意占有人在不超越假想的占有范围内的使用损害，而所谓的费用损害和责任损害其实并不存在。在赔偿范围上，还应排除占有物自身的损害。占有损害赔偿的标准存在主观标准和客观标准，综合考量应依客观标准而定且形式上常表现为占有物的市价租金。在赔偿方式上，《物权法》第245条的“损害赔偿”应包括金钱赔偿与恢复原状，但对恢复原状的适用条件必须做一定的限制。另外，对占有人的损害赔偿请求权与占有人自身的其他请求权及所有权人的损害赔偿请求权的关系进行考察也具有必要性，有利于进一步明确占有损害赔偿责任的适用以供民事主体在司法实践中作出更加有利的选择。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分讨论占有损害赔偿责任的理论基础和规范基础；第二部分从侵害事实、过错、损害等方面详细分析占有损害赔偿责任的构成要件；第三部分确定占有损害赔偿责任的赔偿范围、赔偿方式及其与其他责任之间的关系；第四部分是本文的结论。
[Abstract]:The nature of possession is a fact, and in order to maintain a peaceful social order, the civil law generally stipulates the right of possession of the right to self-relief and the right to claim protection in order to restore the original state of the fact of possession. As Yering put it, in the action of possession, Robbers and thieves are also protected. However, the reason of maintaining social order is not enough to support the liability of compensation for damage caused by possession. The reason why the infringement of possession can be compensated lies in the damage to the legitimate interests carried by possession. Article 245 of the Real right Law of our country stipulates the liability for damages of possession, but the nature of liability, the constitution of liability and the scope of compensation have not been further clarified in this provision and related legal interpretations, which may lead to differences in the application of the law. The liability for compensation for damages in possession belongs to the general tort liability in nature, but because of the particularity of the fact of possession, it is necessary to combine the provisions on the liability in the property Law with the general tort liability in the Tort liability Law. In order to determine its elements and responsibilities. Although possession belongs to legal interest, it should be protected by similar rights in tort law. Both intentional and negligent infringement of possession should be liable for compensation. Whether damage is caused by infringement or possession should be judged according to the legitimate interests carried by possession. Under the current civil law system of our country, the damage of possession includes only the use of the right to possess within the scope of the content of this right. Income damage and use damage by bona fide occupants within the limits of hypothetical possession, but the so-called expense damage and liability damage do not exist. On the scope of compensation, the damage of possession itself should be excluded. There are subjective and objective criteria for compensation for damages in possession. The comprehensive consideration should be based on objective criteria and is often expressed in the form of the market rent of possession. In the way of compensation, the "damages" in Article 245 of the Real Law should include monetary compensation and restitution, but the applicable conditions of restitution must be limited to a certain extent. In addition, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the possessor's claim for damages and other claims of the possessor and the owner's claim for damages. It is helpful to further clarify the application of the liability for damage compensation for the civil subject to make a more favorable choice in the judicial practice. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the theoretical basis and normative basis of the liability for damages of possession, the second part analyzes the constitutive elements of the liability for compensation for damage of possession in detail from the aspects of the fact of infringement, fault, damage, etc. The third part determines the compensation scope, the way of compensation and the relationship between the compensation and other liability; the fourth part is the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.2;D923

【参考文献】