相邻关系之容忍义务限度研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:16

本文选题：容忍义务 + 限度　；参考：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在邻里关系中,由于侵扰而引发的纠纷呈现日益上升的趋势,例如相邻用水、排水纠纷、相邻不可量物侵害、通风采光纠纷等。在此类案件中,对容忍义务限度的把握是处理案件的关键。然而,由于我国司法实践中缺乏判断容忍义务限度的统一性标准,导致法官对于相同或类似案情做出完全相反的判决。第一部分通过对两个相邻关系案例进行分析,指出相邻关系案件审判中对于容忍义务限度判断缺乏统一性标准的问题,并选取不同类型的相邻关系案件对该问题予以呈现。第二部分针对上述现象出现的原因进行具体的分析。笔者认为,这种情况的出现是由立法和司法两方面的原因造成的。在立法方面,我国有关相邻关系的法律条文过于原则、简单。列举式的立法模式未能对社会上出现的相邻关系案件类型进行全方位的覆盖;同时,相关法律条文用语模糊,对于司法实践的指导作用不强;在司法方面,首先,相邻关系案件的特点需要法官行使更大的自由裁量权,裁判的结果因此很大程度上受到法官个人的影响;其次,法官由于教育背景、年龄、以及生活经验等的差异,在司法裁量中考虑的因素及其权重各不相同;最后,相邻关系的调整涉及公法与私法两个领域,二者在协调过程中也存在着一定的矛盾。由于法律不可能尽数周延,而相邻关系案件的特点也必然需要自由裁量权的运用,所以,有必要对相邻关系案件中容忍义务限度的判断标准进行理论上的研究,以更好的解决司法实践中出现的问题。第三部分笔者通过研究国外有关容忍义务限度判断的理论和法律,提出从加害人、受害人以及其他因素三个方面考量相邻关系中容忍义务限度的判断要素。在加害人方面,主要考量加害人方面的活动是否符合相关法律的规定、加害行为的性质与程度、加害人对不动产的利用是否符合当地习惯。在受害人方面,主要探讨受损利益的性质与程度、受损利益的特殊性以及受害人体质的特殊性。在其他因素方面,主要考量地域性、先住行、损害回避的可能性以及异议提出的时间。笔者希望通过对判断容忍义务限度的相关因素进行梳理,为相邻关系案件的审理提供帮助,也为相邻关系法律的完善打下理论基础。
[Abstract]:In the neighborhood relations, the disputes caused by the intrusion have a rising trend, such as adjacent water, drainage disputes, adjacent incalculable damage, ventilation and lighting disputes, and so on. In such cases, the control of the limit of the tolerance obligation is the key to deal with the case. However, due to the lack of uniformity standard to judge the limitation of tolerance obligation in judicial practice in our country, the judge makes a completely opposite judgment on the same or similar cases. The first part points out the lack of uniformity criterion for judging the limit of tolerance obligation in adjoining relation cases through the analysis of two adjacent relation cases, and selects different kinds of neighboring relation cases to present the problem. The second part analyzes the causes of the above phenomenon. The author believes that this situation is caused by legislative and judicial reasons. In the legislative aspect, our country about the adjacent relations legal provisions are too principle, simple. The enumerative legislative model fails to cover the types of adjacent relation cases in the society; at the same time, the relevant legal provisions are vague, which is not a strong guide to judicial practice; first, in the judicial aspect, The characteristics of neighboring relationship cases require that the judge exercise more discretion, and the result of the judgment is greatly influenced by the judge personally. Secondly, the judge has different educational background, age, and life experience, etc. The factors and their weights in judicial discretion are different. Finally, the adjustment of adjacent relationship involves two fields, public law and private law, and there are some contradictions between them in the process of coordination. Because the law can't last for a few weeks, and the characteristics of the adjacent relation cases need the application of the discretion, it is necessary to study the judgment standard of the tolerance obligation limit in the adjacent relation cases theoretically. In order to better solve the problems in judicial practice. In the third part, by studying the theory and law of the limit judgment of tolerance obligation in foreign countries, the author puts forward the judgment elements of tolerance obligation limit in the neighboring relationship from three aspects: the perpetrator, the victim and other factors. In the aspect of the offender, the main consideration is whether the activities of the offender conform to the provisions of relevant laws, the nature and extent of the act of victimization, and whether the use of immovable property by the offender conforms to the local customs. In the aspect of victim, it mainly discusses the nature and degree of the injured interest, the particularity of the injured interest and the particularity of the victim's constitution. Among other factors, the main consideration is regionality, residence first, the possibility of damage avoidance, and the time when the objection is raised. The author hopes to sort out the relevant factors to judge the limitation of tolerance obligation, to provide help for the trial of neighboring relation cases, and to lay a theoretical foundation for the perfection of neighboring relationship law.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

【相似文献】