论合同违约之精神损害赔偿

发布时间：2018-05-28 00:18

本文选题：精神损害赔偿 + 违约责任　；参考：《山西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：飞速发展的经济、不断提高的生活水平，以及逐步发展的现代服务业，使得人们已不只满足于物质生活的丰富多彩，而开始重视精神生活的欢愉，甚至有些时候对精神利益的追求远远超过对物质利益的享受。因此，为了适应这种趋势，合同的类型也开始变的越来越多，并且出现了许多以追求精神利益为目的的合同，例如旅游合同、婚庆合同等等。在这些合同中，作为服务的提供者违约会给对方当事人造成极大的伤害，而这种伤害已经不仅仅局限于物质利益的丧失，更严重的是损害了当事人的精神利益。但是，我国长期以来坚持的是，只有侵权才可以要求精神损害赔偿，因此在诸如以上的合同中，当事人因对方违约导致的精神损害，是无法要求对方赔偿的，是无法得到救济的。如此看来，守约方的利益将无法得以保护。不符合民法要求的公平原则，也不符合我国保护人权的原则。因此，我们非常有必要对违约能否要求精神损害赔偿这一问题进行研究，它既可以进一步完善我国的合同法律制度，又可以指导司法实践。文章分为六个部分来对此问题加以研究。第一部分简单的介绍了研究此问题的背景与意义，并介绍了目前我国对此问题的研究现状等等。第二部分在介绍了精神损害的概念之后，紧接着论述了精神损害赔偿的概念以及功能，最后进一步阐述了违约精神损害赔偿的概念及其所具有的特征，可知违约精神损害赔偿不仅具有一般精神损害赔偿所具有的特征比如无形性以及主观性等等，还具有自身独有的特征如必须以合法有效的合同存在为前提，可以由当事人约定等等，为下文详细论述违约精神损害赔偿的合理性奠定了理论基础。第三部分运用比较研究方法介绍了大陆法系国家与英美法系国家对于违约能否要求精神损害赔偿这一问题的态度，可以得知，不论是英美法系国家还是大陆法系国家，在此问题上都经历了由不承认到承认的过程。此外，不仅是各个国家开始承认违约可以要求精神损害赔偿，国际性立法也在此问题上采取了肯定的态度。因此，违约可以要求精神损害赔偿已成为国际的立法趋势。第四部分运用历史研究方法，介绍了我国精神损害赔偿制度的发展，从而获悉违约精神损害赔偿制度在我国尚缺乏具体的法律规定；之后又通过实证研究方法引入两个判决截然相反的案例，反映出我国法院在面对此问题时所出现的混乱，最后介绍了我国学者在面对此问题时，大多数人认为认为违约不可以要求精神损害赔偿，也有少部分学者采取支持态度，并且介绍了他们各自的理由。第五部分通过反驳否定说学者的理由，得出我国有必要建立违约精神损害赔偿这一制度，，之后又进一步阐述了该制度在我国构建的可行性。此处是本文的创新点之一。第六部分也就是文章正文的最后一部分，是对我国构建该制度的一些可行性的建议，即违约要想提出精神损害赔偿的要求，必须具备严格的构成要件，而且对可以要求精神损害赔偿的合同进行了类型化分析等等，这是本文的又一创新之处。本文从精神损害赔偿制度入手，重点论述了我国构建违约精神损害赔偿制度的必要性以及可行性，并针对我国如何构建这一制度提出了具体的建议。期望可以促进违约精神损害赔偿这一制度在我国的构建，进而完善我国合同法律制度，促进我国社会主义法治国家的建设。
[Abstract]:Therefore , in order to adapt to this trend , the contract types also begin to change more and more , and many contracts , such as travel contracts , wedding contracts and so on , which are aimed at the interests of the other party are not satisfied . Therefore , in order to adapt to this trend , the interests of the defaulting party can not be protected . Therefore , in order to adapt to this trend , the interests of the defaulting party can not be protected . Therefore , it is very necessary to study whether the breach can require spiritual damages . Therefore , it is necessary to further improve the contract legal system of our country and guide the judicial practice .

The article is divided into six parts to study the problem .

The first part briefly introduces the background and significance of studying the problem , and introduces the current situation and so on .

In the second part , after the introduction of the concept of mental damage , the concept and function of the moral damages are discussed . Finally , the concept of compensation for breach of contract and its characteristics are discussed . It can be concluded that the compensation for breach of contract not only has the characteristics such as intangible property , subjectivity and so on , but also has its own unique characteristics , such as the necessity of legal and effective contract existence , can be agreed by the parties , and so on , and lays a theoretical foundation for the detailed discussion of the rationality of the compensation for breach of contract .

The third part uses the comparative research method to introduce the attitude of the civil law system countries and the Anglo - American law system countries to the question whether the default can ask for spiritual damages . It can be known that whether the Anglo - American law system countries or the continental law countries have experienced the process of not recognizing to the recognition . In addition , the international legislation has taken a positive attitude on the issue , not only in the beginning of the recognition of the breach by the individual countries , but also in the international legislation . Therefore , the breach can demand that moral damages have become the international legislative trend .

The fourth part uses the historical research method to introduce the development of the system of moral damage compensation in our country , so as to learn that the system of compensation for compensation for breach of contract lacks specific legal provisions in our country ;
After that , we introduce the case of the opposite of the two decisions by the empirical research method , which reflects the confusion of our court in the face of the problem , and finally introduces the scholars of our country in the face of this problem , most people think that the breach of contract can not require spiritual damages , but also some scholars adopt support attitude , and introduce their respective reasons .

The fifth part , by refuting the author ' s reasons , concludes that it is necessary to establish the system of compensation for compensation for breach of contract , then further expounds the feasibility of the system in our country . This is one of the innovation points in this paper .

The sixth part is the last part of the text of the article , which is the suggestion of the feasibility of constructing the system in our country , that is , it is necessary to put forward the requirement of moral damage compensation , and must have strict constitutive requirements , and carry out typed analysis on the contract which can request moral damages and so on , which is another innovation of this article .

This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing the system of compensation for breach of contract in our country from the system of moral damage compensation , and puts forward some concrete suggestions on how to construct this system in our country . It is expected that the system should be constructed in our country to promote the construction of the system of contract law in our country and promote the construction of our country ' s socialist country of law .
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】