我国遗失物拾得人报酬请求权制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:18

本文选题：遗失物 + 拾得人　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：遗失物拾得人报酬请求权,是指遗失物拾得人在将遗失物交还给遗失人时享有的要求遗失人支付相应报酬的权利。拾得人的报酬请求权常常游弋于道德与法律、公正与效率、静的安全与动的价值之间,甚至直接关系到遗失物所有权的归属问题,即遗失物是归失主所有,拾得人所有还是国家所有。我国法律仅赋予了拾得人有条件的享有报酬请求权,即在遗失人发布悬赏广告的情况下可以享有相应的报酬请求权,其他情况下拾得人并不享有报酬请求权。关于拾得人是否应该享有报酬请求权的探讨,一些民法学者在著述中从物权法的基本原则和权利义务相一致等角度论述拾得人应该享有报酬请求权。我国物权法出于维护传统美德的考虑不支持拾得人可以享有报酬请求权,但该规定在现实中的实际应用价值和效果并不明显,因此造成我国遗失物归还率低、关于报酬常常引发纠纷、人们难以较好地遵循法律为一定行为、物的价值难以得到有效实现之一系列问题。笔者认为,我们应该学习借鉴其他国家的规定,在我国立法中确立遗失物拾得人报酬请求权。本文不仅介绍了文章的研究思路及研究方法、创新点等,也阐述了对于拾得人报酬请求权的两种不同的观点,重点分析了两种不同观点的分歧,并表明笔者的态度,即遗失物拾得人享有报酬请求权。虽然我国物权法不支持拾得人享有报酬请求权,但是笔者认为否定报酬权利一方面会不利于实现物的及时返还和有效利用,不利于实现物权法关于该部分立法的本意;另一方面在现实中由于否定报酬权利也造成了很多纠纷,而且我国的失物招领公司也由于此规定在经营过程中遇到了很大的困难和障碍。笔者基于我国关于此规定造成的现实中存在的问题,查阅了其他国家对此权利的规定,归纳出他们或者直接赋予拾得人报酬权利或者通过将拾得物的所有权给予拾得人来保障其报酬权利,并重点分析了他们这种规定的合理性以及我国在法律中赋予拾得人报酬权利的理论意义和现实意义。之后笔者从我国的实际情况出发提出关于拾得人报酬请求权的立法建议,主要论述该权利行使的前提、行使该权利的限制条件、如何规定符合实际情况的报酬数额、如何通过遗失物法律的规定促进失物招领公司的有效运营、对于与拾得人报酬权利相关的必要费用请求权和悬赏广告金权利如何做出明确具体的规定,以及当他们发生权利竞合时如何规定、对于遗失物有人认领和无人认领时的保障措施,从而完善这一制度。
[Abstract]:The right of claim for compensation of lost property pickers refers to the right of the person who returns the lost property to the lost person to require the lost person to pay the corresponding remuneration. The right of compensation claim is often found between morality and law, justice and efficiency, quiet security and the value of movement, and even directly relates to the ownership of the lost property, that is, the lost property is owned by the owner. All the pickers are still owned by the state. The law of our country only gives the person who picked up a conditional right to claim compensation, that is, if the lost person publishes a reward advertisement, he can enjoy the corresponding right of claim for remuneration, and in other cases, the person who picked up a reward does not have the right of claim for remuneration. As to whether the picker should enjoy the right of compensation claim, some civil law scholars discuss that the picker should enjoy the right of compensation claim from the angle of the basic principle of property law and the consistency of rights and obligations in his writings. In order to maintain the traditional virtue, the property law of our country does not support the claim right of compensation, but the practical application value and effect of this provision in reality is not obvious, so the rate of return of lost property in our country is low. About the compensation often causes the dispute, people is difficult to follow the law as the certain behavior well, the value of the thing is difficult to obtain the effective realization a series of problems. The author believes that we should learn from the provisions of other countries and establish the right of claim for compensation of lost property pickers in our legislation. This paper not only introduces the research ideas and methods of the article, innovation points, but also expounds two different views on the right to claim compensation for pickers, analyzes the differences of two different views, and shows the author's attitude. That is to say, the person who finds the lost property shall have the right to claim compensation. Although the property law of our country does not support the right to claim compensation, the author thinks that the negation of the right of remuneration on the one hand will not be conducive to the timely return and effective use of property rights, is not conducive to the realization of the original intention of this part of the legislation of property law; On the other hand, because of the negation of the right of remuneration, there are many disputes in reality, and the lost and found companies in our country also encounter great difficulties and obstacles in the course of operation because of this stipulation. Based on the problems in reality caused by this regulation in China, the author consulted the provisions of other countries on this right, It is concluded that they either directly confer upon the scavenger the right to remuneration or protect their right to remuneration by giving the pickup title to the picker, It also analyzes the rationality of this regulation and the theoretical and practical significance of giving the right of remuneration to pickers in our country. Then the author puts forward the legislative suggestion on the right of claim for compensation of pickers from the actual situation of our country, mainly discusses the premise of the exercise of the right, the restrictive conditions for the exercise of the right, and how to set the amount of remuneration in accordance with the actual situation. How to promote the effective operation of the lost and found company through the law of lost and found property, how to make clear and specific stipulation about the claim right of necessary expenses and the right of offering reward advertisement money related to the compensation right of the picker, And how to provide the safeguard measures for the lost and unclaimed property when they are competing for rights, so as to perfect the system.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

【参考文献】