不可量物侵害的私法救济研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 04:30

本文选题：不可量物侵害 + 违反国家规定　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：不可量物侵害指行为人通过光、噪音、气味等无形介质为媒介对相邻不动产权利人的财产或人身造成的侵害。随着科技的发展和社会生活的现代化步伐的加快,因日常生活和工业生产而产生的各种臭气、噪音、大气污染物和水污染物以及其他各种新类型的不可量物侵害的案件不断增多。但是,现在我国对不可量物侵害的立法以及学术研究存在以下几方面的不足：首先,我国《物权法》第九十条虽然把不可量物侵害规定在相邻妨害一章,但是,并没有对不可量物侵害的概念本身进行具体的说明,以至于人们一直把不可量物侵害与环境污染损害相混淆。事实上,不可量物侵害与环境污染损害有着本质的区别。其次,我国《物权法》对不可量物侵害的核心问题——容忍义务规定的并不详细,这样使得法院在司法实践中不得不借鉴外国的法律及学说进行自由裁量。再次,在不可量物侵害救济方面,由于法律适用不明确,导致司法实践中法律适用的稳定性、可操作性不强。本文从不可量物侵害的界定入手,着重分析不可量物侵害的构成与救济问题。论文分为四个部分：第一部分主要介绍不可量物侵害的概念,并通过对不可量物侵害不同的角度进行分析,最后得出不可量物侵害之相邻妨害属性。另外,通过对相邻不可量物侵害与侵权损害,相邻不可量物侵害与环境污染损害的概念辨析,进一步深层次挖掘了相邻不可量物侵害的内涵。第二部分重点分析不可量物侵害中的违法性判断,说明了只要不可量物排放违反国家法律、部门规章、地方政府的规范性文件的相关规定,就构成不可量物侵害。第三部分重点阐述容忍义务。容忍义务是认定不可量物排放是否能受到法律救济的核心问题。本文通过比较分析法对各国容忍义务作了相应分析,并通过对各国相关规定的借鉴,指出在我国司法实务中界定当事人是否具有容忍义务应当考虑的相关因素。第四部分是关于不可量物侵害的私法救济方面的内容,主要分析不可量物侵害的请求权主体,两种主要的责任承担方式以及在何种情况下对致害人的不可量物排放行为具有可救济性。
[Abstract]:Immeasurable damage refers to the violation of property or person of adjacent immovable property by means of invisible medium such as light, noise, smell and so on. With the development of science and technology and the acceleration of the pace of modernization of social life, all kinds of odors and noises arising from daily life and industrial production, Cases of air and water pollutants and other new types of incalculable substances are on the rise. However, there are some shortcomings in the legislation and academic research on immeasurable infringement in our country: first, although Article 90 of the Law of Real Rights prescribes immeasurable infringement in the chapter of adjacent obstruction, however, There is no concrete explanation of the concept of immeasurable damage itself, so that people always confuse the incalculable material infringement with environmental pollution damage. In fact, there is an essential difference between immeasurable damage and environmental pollution damage. Secondly, the core problem of immeasurable infringement, the obligation of tolerance, is not specified in Chinese Real right Law, which makes the court have to use foreign laws and theories for discretion in judicial practice. Thirdly, in the aspect of immeasurable infringement remedy, because of the unclear application of the law, it leads to the stability of the legal application in judicial practice, and the operability is not strong. This paper begins with the definition of immeasurable material infringement, and analyzes the constitution and relief of immeasurable material infringement. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the concept of immeasurable material infringement, and through the analysis of the different angles of immeasurable material infringement, finally obtains the adjacent impairing attribute of immeasurable material infringement. In addition, through the analysis of the concepts of adjacent immeasurable material infringement and tort damage, adjacent immeasurable material infringement and environmental pollution damage, the connotation of adjacent immeasurable material infringement is further excavated. The second part mainly analyzes the illegal judgment in the immeasurable material infringement, and explains that as long as the non-quantifiable matter discharge violates the national law, the department regulation, the local government normative document related stipulation, constitutes the immeasurable material infringement. The third part focuses on the obligation of tolerance. The obligation of tolerance is the core problem of determining whether the discharge of incalculable substances can be remedied by law. This paper makes a corresponding analysis of the tolerance obligations of various countries by means of comparative analysis, and points out the relevant factors that should be considered in defining whether the parties have the obligation to tolerate in the judicial practice of our country. The fourth part is about the content of private law relief of immeasurable infringement, mainly analyzes the subject of claim of immeasurable infringement. The two main ways of taking responsibility and the circumstances under which the non-quantifiable discharge behavior of the injurious person can be remedied.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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