论环境侵权中的因果关系推定

发布时间：2018-06-01 10:38

本文选题：环境侵权 + 因果关系　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济不断发展,环境侵权案件频发,但被侵权人在获得民事救济时却困难重重。本文立足于环境侵权的特殊性以及传统因果关系理论的局限性,提出了因果关系推定理论。在借鉴国外因果关系推定理论的基础之上,综合我国目前的立法以及司法实务,系统构建因果关系推定制度。论文第一部分通过阐述环境侵权的特殊性论证了适用因果关系推定的必要性。该部分首先界定了环境侵权的概念,并在此基础上分析了其特殊性。其次,论述了因果关系推定的概念及逻辑架构。传统的因果关系认定理论无法解决环境侵权的特殊问题,因此将因果关系推定引入环境侵权中是非常必要的。论文第二部分系统阐述了目前我国的因果关系推定现状。就立法现状而言,我国法律就环境侵权中因果关系认定做了部分规定,但规定较为模糊,存在争议。基于此,司法实务中对类似的案件适用了不同的审判标准。总体而言,由于因果关系推定理论的缺失,环境侵权立法及实务方面都有待完善。论文第三部分整理论述了域外主要的因果关系推定方法。较为主流的推定方法主要有:盖然性因果关系理论、疫学因果关系理论以及依经验法则推定因果关系理论。本文在论述各学说内容基础之上,就每一种学说的局限性及主要适用范围做了具体分析。论文第四部分系统构建了因果关系推定制度。首先,在立法方面,法律应明确规定因果关系推定制度。其次,在理论构建方面,建立一纵一横的因果关系认定体系,并确立多种标准的因果关系推定方法体系。在完成理论与立法构建之后,确定相关的诉讼程序制度,保障因果关系推定在司法实务中的适用。最后,建立相应的配套制度以及机构,为因果关系推定提供制度及数据保障。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, environmental tort cases occur frequently, but it is difficult for infringers to obtain civil remedies. Based on the particularity of environmental tort and the limitation of traditional causality theory, this paper puts forward the theory of presumption of causality. Based on the theory of presumption of causality abroad, the system of presumption of causality is systematically constructed by synthesizing the current legislation and judicial practice of our country. The first part of the paper demonstrates the necessity of applying causality presumption by expounding the particularity of environmental tort. This part firstly defines the concept of environmental tort and analyzes its particularity. Secondly, it discusses the concept and logical structure of causality presumption. Traditional causality theory can not solve the special problem of environmental tort, so it is very necessary to introduce causality presumption into environmental tort. The second part of the paper systematically expounds the present situation of causality presumption in China. As far as the current legislation is concerned, the law of our country has made some provisions on the determination of causality in environmental tort, but the provisions are vague and controversial. Based on this, different trial standards are applied to similar cases in judicial practice. In general, due to the lack of causality presumption theory, environmental tort legislation and practice need to be improved. The third part of the paper discusses the main extraterritorial causality presumption method. The main methods of presumption are: the theory of causal relation of probability, the theory of epidemic causality and the theory of presumption of causality according to the rule of experience. On the basis of discussing the contents of each theory, this paper makes a concrete analysis on the limitation and main scope of application of each theory. The fourth part of the thesis systematically constructs the system of causality presumption. First of all, in the legislative aspect, the law should specify the presumption of causation system. Secondly, in the aspect of theoretical construction, we establish a vertical and horizontal causal relationship identification system, and establish a variety of standard causality presumption method system. After completing the construction of theory and legislation, the relevant procedural system is determined to ensure the application of presumption of causality in judicial practice. Finally, set up corresponding supporting system and organization to provide system and data guarantee for causality presumption.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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