独立保函申请人的法律风险探析

发布时间：2018-06-13 06:23

本文选题：独立保函 + 独立保函申请人　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：独立保函是突破传统从属性担保的狭义保证,其基本特征表现为独立性、无条件性和担保者“见索即付”。我国现阶段对于独立保函的法律适用仅限于涉外业务,国内保证业务皆界定为从属性保证。对于独立保函纠纷的法律适用,由于国际层面未形成统一适用的实体法,司法实务中,案件处理主要是根据国际商会《见索即付担保统一规则》的定义。国内法院在审理相关业务时,一般会参照该规则,并结合适用“最密切联系”原则。国内独立保函申请人的经济实体范围基本限于从事对外支付业务的企事业单位或个人。一般而言,这些从事对外支付业务的经济实体对于国内法律会较为熟悉,但其不谙国外不同法域之规定,对于跨国交易则,可能面临因准据法适用约定不明而导致的风险。对于独立保函申请人而言,规避独立保函法律风险的前提是,需要了解所涉及国家的相关法律规定,同时与受益人明确约定适用的准据法,并与独立保函开具者即担保人明确约定相关权利义务,以避免在产生纠纷时导致法律适用上纠缠不清。此外在开具保函之前应建议担保银行严密设计独立保函的内容并督促银行严格审核条款做好事前防控。亦要对银行及受益人进行资信审查、合理确定保函的索赔形式避免以受益人欺诈,开具独立保函之后,最高效的救济方式便是通过司法救济限制受益人的欺诈行为。
[Abstract]:The independent guarantee is the narrow guarantee which breaks through the traditional ascription guarantee, its basic characteristic is the independence, the unconditional and the surety "pay on demand". At present, the legal application of independent guarantee in our country is limited to foreign affairs, and domestic guarantee is defined as ascribed guarantee. As for the application of the law in the dispute of independent guarantee, since there is no uniform substantive law in the international level, in the judicial practice, the case handling is mainly based on the definition of the uniform rules of guarantee on demand in the International Chamber of Commerce. The domestic courts generally refer to the rule and apply the principle of "closest connection". The scope of the domestic independent guarantee applicant's economic entity is basically limited to enterprises or individuals engaged in external payment business. Generally speaking, these economic entities engaged in foreign payment business will be familiar with domestic law, but they do not understand the provisions of different foreign jurisdictions, and may face the risk of unclear agreement on applicable law in the case of transnational transactions. For the applicant of an independent guarantee, the premise of avoiding the legal risk of the independent guarantee is that he needs to know the relevant legal provisions of the country concerned, and at the same time explicitly agree with the beneficiary on the applicable law to be applied, And with the issuer of the independent guarantee, the guarantor clearly agreed on the relevant rights and obligations, to avoid disputes resulting in entanglement in the application of the law. In addition, before issuing the guarantee letter, the guarantee bank should be advised to design the contents of the independent guarantee letter and urge the bank to strictly check the terms of the guarantee. The bank and beneficiary should also be examined for credit, and the claim form of guarantee should be reasonably determined to avoid fraud by beneficiary. After issuing the independent guarantee, the most efficient remedy is to limit the beneficiary's fraudulent behavior through judicial remedy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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