论我国违约精神损害赔偿制度的构建

发布时间：2018-06-18 06:48

本文选题：精神损害 + 违约责任　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在21世纪的今天,我国科技,经济、文化等各项事业的发展呈现出突飞猛进的势头,中国特色法治社会的逐步建立为各项事业的发展又注入了一剂强心针。随着人民群众法治观念的不断加强,知法、懂法、用法已经成为人民群众维护自身合法权益的一大法宝。而伴随着每一部新法的颁布和实施,中国特色法律体系逐步被建立起来。但是我们也应该看到,我国法律在某些领域确实还存在着不足和缺陷,这些不足和缺陷对于保护人民群众的利益显示出其苍白之处,也给面对这些问题的法官造成了尴尬的处境。而本文所研究的精神损害赔偿在违约责任中的应用问题正是我国法律有待解决的不足之处。对于合同中的精神损害赔偿制度,其他国家也经历过一个从无到有,从简单到完善的发展过程。但是或早或晚,无论是英美法系还是大陆法系的代表性国家,都建立起了完善的违约精神损害赔偿机制。这得益于这些国家人格权益的较早发展,人们对于精神利益的追求自然早于我国,因而法律对于精神损害的保护也更为完善。而精神利益在我国最开始得不到承认和重视,后来随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提升,人们逐渐提高了对精神利益的需求程度。至此,因精神损害寻求赔偿的观念才逐步被人们所接受,进而出现了在违约领域寻求精神损害赔偿的例子,而我国现阶段法律对此并不予以承认。但是通过对大量司法实践和学说的分析、比较,可以看到违约精神损害赔偿制度存在的合理性。而由于我国在这方面起步较晚、发展较慢。立法观念过于传统,使得这项制度并无法律依据。但既然问题现实的存在,而且当前在没有法律规定的情况下多数的处理方式不尽合理,所以,将该制度纳入法律体系就显得尤为必要。本文从精神损害入手,通过对精神损害这一概念的全面阐述,过渡至文章所讨论的中心点——违约精神损害赔偿。并且通过对国外立法情况的分析和总结,以及对我国现有司法实践中出现的问题和现有学说合理性的分析,得出该制度在我国应当存在的充分理由,进而从违约精神损害赔偿制度应遵循的原则、适用的合同类型、违约精神损害赔偿数额的确定等方面提出我国违约精神损害赔偿制度构建的具体措施。
[Abstract]:Today in the 21st century, the development of science and technology, economy, culture and other undertakings in our country is showing a momentum of rapid progress, and the gradual establishment of a society ruled by law with Chinese characteristics has injected a dose of strength into the development of various undertakings. With the strengthening of the concept of the rule of law among the masses, knowing the law, understanding the law and using the law has become a magic weapon for the masses to safeguard their own legitimate rights and interests. With the promulgation and implementation of each new law, the legal system with Chinese characteristics was gradually established. However, we should also see that there are still deficiencies and defects in certain areas of Chinese law, which show their paleness for the protection of the interests of the masses of the people. It also creates an awkward situation for judges who face these problems. The application of mental damage compensation in the liability for breach of contract is the deficiency of Chinese law. Other countries have also experienced a process of development from scratch, from simplicity to perfection. However, early or late, both the Anglo-American law system and the continental law system of the representative countries, have established a sound breach of mental damage compensation mechanism. This is due to the early development of personality rights and interests in these countries, and the pursuit of spiritual interests is naturally earlier than that of our country, so the protection of mental damage by law is more perfect. However, the spiritual interest is not recognized and valued at the beginning of our country. Later, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people gradually raise the demand for spiritual interests. So far, the idea of seeking compensation for mental damage has gradually been accepted by people, and then an example of seeking compensation for spiritual damage in the field of breach of contract has emerged, which is not recognized by the present law of our country. However, through the analysis of a large number of judicial practices and theories, we can see the rationality of the system of compensation for breach of contract spirit damage. But because our country starts later in this respect, the development is slower. Legislative idea is too traditional, make this system have no legal basis. However, since the reality of the problem exists, and the current situation in the absence of legal provisions of the majority of the way to deal with the unreasonable, so it is particularly necessary to bring the system into the legal system. This article starts with the mental damage, through the comprehensive elaboration of the concept of mental damage, to the central point discussed in the article-breach of mental damage compensation. And through the analysis and summary of the foreign legislation situation, as well as the analysis of the problems in the current judicial practice and the rationality of the existing theories, the sufficient reasons for the existence of this system in our country are obtained. Then the author puts forward the concrete measures to construct the compensation system of spiritual damage for breach of contract in China from the following aspects: the principle to be followed, the type of contract applicable, and the determination of the amount of compensation for spiritual damage in breach of contract.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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