损害社会公共利益无效的合同类型化梳理

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:34

本文选题：合同无效 + 社会公共利益　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对无效合同的确认是合同法理论和司法实践中的核心问题和棘手难题。关于合同无效,《合同法》第52条规定了五种情形。其中,第4项"损害社会公共利益而无效",在理论上缺乏研究探讨,在司法适用中较难实际操作。纵观我国民事实体法,找不到对"社会公共利益"概念的明确界定,也不能明晰其认定标准以及与国家利益、集体利益、社会利益、公共利益等常见概念的关系。要理解和把握《合同法》52条第4项的适用,笔者首先尝试厘清和界定"社会公共利益"。进而,通过阅读大量案例,结合其他国家的类型化做法,对各种影响合同效力的社会公共利益进行归纳、总结,并尽可能地将其类型化。由此,既能对民商事活动提供指引,提高民商事行为效率,又能为司法机关的审判活动统一裁判标准,维护司法权威。除引言和结语外,全文正文共分为四章。第一章从社会公共利益的基础理论入手,厘清了作为本文基础概念的社会公共利益是什么,有何特征,并回顾了民法立法史上有关社会公共利益的表述。接着,参考国内外关于利益的学说,对社会公共利益与国家、集体、个人利益等常见概念进行辨析。第二章介绍了社会公共利益类型化的方法。类型化方法是国外立法中较为常见的一种实证与判例研究方法。在社会公共利益与合同效力问题上,类型化是要将社会公共利益蕴含的法治精神与社会生活的实际需求联系起来,使法官的价值判断能符合客观价值与法治精神。第三章是论文的核心部分,也是创新之处。笔者对收集到的合同无效案件运用统计学的初级方法进行分析,探究法官在司法实践中是如何以违反社会公共利益认定合同无效的,认定的思路和依据是否合理,存在哪些问题。第四章笔者通过对案件的深入理解,将案件合同背后所涉的社会公共利益分为三大类并分别选取案例加以阐述。借鉴学者们的类型化观点,尝试梳理损害社会公共利益无效的合同类型化体系。并在该体系的基础上,对司法实践中适用损害社会公共利益认定合同效力的制度提出完善思路。
[Abstract]:The confirmation of invalid contract is the core problem and difficult problem in the theory of contract law and judicial practice. With regard to the invalidity of a contract, Article 52 of the contract Law provides for five situations. The fourth item, "damage to social and public interests but invalid", is lack of research and discussion in theory, so it is difficult to operate in practice in judicial application. Looking at the civil substantive law of our country, we can not find a clear definition of the concept of "social public interest", nor can we clearly define the standard of its determination and the relationship between it and the common concepts such as national interest, collective interest, social interest, public interest and so on. In order to understand and grasp the application of item 4 of Article 52 of contract Law, the author first tries to clarify and define "social public interest". Then, through reading a large number of cases, combining with the typology practices of other countries, the author sums up and summarizes various kinds of social and public interests that affect the effectiveness of contracts, and classifies them as far as possible. Thus, it can not only provide guidance to civil and commercial activities, improve the efficiency of civil and commercial conduct, but also unify the adjudication standards of judicial organs and maintain judicial authority. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter starts with the basic theory of the social public interest, clarifies what the social public interest is as the basic concept of this article, and reviews the expression of the social public interest in the history of civil law legislation. Then, referring to the theory of interest at home and abroad, the common concepts of social public interest and national, collective and individual interests are analyzed. The second chapter introduces the classification method of social public interest. Typology is a common empirical and case study method in foreign legislation. On the issue of social public interest and contract effectiveness, typology is to link the spirit of the rule of law contained in social public interest with the actual needs of social life, so that the judge's value judgment can conform to the objective value and the spirit of ruling by law. The third chapter is the core part of the paper, but also the innovation. The author analyzes the collected cases of contract invalidation by using the primary method of statistics, and explores how the judge in judicial practice finds the contract invalid in violation of the social and public interests, and whether the thinking and basis of the determination are reasonable. What are the problems? In the fourth chapter, the author divides the social and public interest involved in the case contract into three categories through the deep understanding of the case. This paper tries to sort out the contract type system which impairs the social public interest by referring to the scholars' stereotyped views. On the basis of the system, the author puts forward some ideas on how to apply the system that damages the validity of the social public interest in the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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