独立担保的独立性:法理内涵与制度效力——兼评最高人民法院独立保函司法解释

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:49

本文选题：独立担保 + 独立性　；参考：《比较法研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：与传统的从属性担保相异,独立担保以独立性为其根本特征,但这一特征仍未得到我国担保法理论界与实务界的系统认识。从内涵上而言,独立担保的独立性意指其与基础交易、反担保等的分离与抽象,体现了商事效率与商事外观法理。从效力上而言,独立担保的独立性效力及于实体、程序两大方面。从实体效力上而言,独立担保得以自成一体,切断基础交易项下的抗辩与抵销权,并构成担保义务单据化的基础。从程序效力上而言,独立担保可排除基础交易的仲裁和诉讼管辖约束,限制审理范围并促使案件迅捷处理,单独确定独立担保所适用的法律。此外,独立担保的有效期不同于保证期间,为单独的或有期间。独立担保的独立性原则作用于独立担保开出之后、担保人承担担保义务之前的期间内,而于付款后不应发生嗣后效力。《最高人民法院关于审理独立保函纠纷案件若干问题的规定》在一定程度上体现了独立担保的独立性效力,但相关条款仍需进一步解释。
[Abstract]:Different from the traditional subordinate guarantee, independent guarantee takes independence as its basic characteristic, but this characteristic has not been systematically recognized by the theoretical and practical circles of our country's guaranty law. In terms of connotation, the independence of independent guarantee refers to the separation and abstraction from basic transaction and anti-guarantee, which embodies the legal principle of commercial efficiency and commercial appearance. From the aspect of effectiveness, the independent effect of independent guarantee lies in two aspects: entity and procedure. In terms of substantive effectiveness, independent security can be self-made, cut off the defense and the right of set-off under the basic transaction, and form the basis of documenting the guarantee obligation. In terms of procedural effect, the independent guarantee can exclude the jurisdiction of arbitration and litigation of the underlying transaction, limit the scope of the trial and prompt the case to be dealt with quickly, and separately determine the law applicable to the independent guarantee. In addition, the validity of an independent guarantee is different from the duration of the guarantee and is a separate or contingent period. The principle of independence of an independent guarantee acts on the period prior to the undertaking of the security obligation by the guarantor after the issuance of the independent security, But there should be no subsequent effect after payment. [the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on some issues concerning the trial of independent guarantee disputes] embody to a certain extent the independent effect of independent guarantee, but the relevant provisions still need further explanation.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“独立担保的商事法理构造及法律制度构建研究”(项目编号:15CFX044) 中国民法学研究会2016年青年学者项目“民商合一视野下商事担保论”的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D923

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