侵权人不确定案件的损害救济研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 13:30
【摘要】：在侵权责任领域,侵权人不确定案件如同幽灵般让人捉摸不定,为了更好的处理侵权人不确定案件,学者们开展了大量研究。在现行法律制度框架下,尚未有国家对侵权人不确定案件作出系统的分析整理,甚至对于侵权人不确定的概念都鲜有提及,仅将侵权人不确定案件按照不同类型进行了规定,没有深入的对比分析。本文旨在对于侵权人不确定案件深入分析的基础上,总结不同案件类型的异同点,并对域内外相关经典案例进行评析,指出现行法律在处理此类案件时的不足之处,进而引入比例责任理论,完善高空抛物案件的相关立法,力争实现对被侵权人的有效救济,进而实现公平正义。本文除了引言和结语部分外,正文由四个部分组成。第一部分,侵权人不确定案件概述。首先对侵权人不确定案件的内涵进行了明确,侵权人不确定案件是指在案件审理时,仅能够确定侵权人的范围尚无法确定造成实际损害的具体侵权人的案件。随后列举了司法实践中最为典型的三类侵权人不确定案件:一、共同危险行为案件;二、大规模产品侵权案件;三、高空抛物案件,阐明了将三类案件进行综合分析的理由,确定了本文的研究范围。最后对于三类典型案件分别进行理论对比分析,明晰三者之间的异同点。第二部分,侵权人不确定案件的处理与评析。在理论分析的基础上对司法实践中出现的诸如“三聚氰胺案”、“下水道堵塞案”等三类典型案例进行评析,归纳出现实的争议焦点及困境。第三部分,侵权人不确定案件之域外法考察及评析。同样依据案件类型的不同分别考察英美法系国家与大陆法系国家对三种不同类型案件的解决路径,着重介绍域外相关立法及经典案例,并对其进行评析。第四部分,侵权人不确定案件损害救济之完善。首先,分析了完善侵权不确定案件救济路径的必要性,全面阐述了现行法律规范的不足;其次,针对共同危险行为案件以及大规模产品侵权案件救济方式的不足引入了比例责任理论,在明确比例责任内涵的基础上阐释了比例责任的归责基础以及在侵权人不确定案件领域的可行性以及适用范围;最后,对于高空抛物案件的理论缺陷提出了立法完善的建议,协同商业保险进行责任份额的划分。
[Abstract]:In the field of tort liability, tortfeasor uncertain cases like ghosts, in order to better deal with infringers uncertain cases, scholars have carried out a large number of studies. Within the framework of the current legal system, no country has made systematic analysis and collation of the cases of infringers' uncertainty, even the concept of the infringer's uncertainty is rarely mentioned, and only the infringer's uncertain cases are regulated according to different types of cases. No in-depth comparative analysis. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the similarities and differences of different types of cases on the basis of in-depth analysis of the uncertain cases of infringers, and to comment on the relevant classical cases within and outside the domain, and point out the shortcomings of the existing laws in dealing with such cases. Then the proportional liability theory is introduced to perfect the relevant legislation of parabolic cases in high altitude to achieve the effective relief to the infringers and then to achieve fairness and justice. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text consists of four parts. The first part is the summary of the uncertain case of the infringer. Firstly, the connotation of the uncertain case of the infringer is clarified. The uncertain case of the infringer refers to the case in which the scope of the infringer can only be determined and the actual damage caused by the specific infringer can not be determined when the case is tried. Then it enumerates the three most typical cases of infringer uncertainty in judicial practice: first, joint dangerous behavior cases; second, large-scale product infringement cases; third, parabolic cases, to clarify the reasons for comprehensive analysis of the three types of cases. The research scope of this paper is determined. Finally, the three types of typical cases are compared and analyzed in theory to clarify the similarities and differences between the three. The second part is about the handling and evaluation of the indeterminate cases of infringers. On the basis of theoretical analysis, three typical cases, such as "melamine case" and "sewage blockage case", which appear in judicial practice, are analyzed, and the real dispute focus and predicament are summed up. The third part is the investigation and analysis of the foreign law of the indeterminate cases of infringers. On the other hand, according to the different types of cases, this paper investigates the settlement paths of three different types of cases in Anglo-American law countries and civil law countries, and focuses on the introduction of extraterritorial legislation and classic cases, and comments on them. In the fourth part, the infringer is uncertain about the perfection of damage relief. First of all, it analyzes the necessity of perfecting the remedy path of tort uncertain cases, and comprehensively expounds the shortcomings of the current legal norms; secondly, The proportional liability theory is introduced to solve the problems in the joint dangerous behavior cases and large-scale product infringement cases. On the basis of defining the connotation of proportional liability, this paper explains the basis of liability attribution of proportional responsibility, the feasibility and application scope in the field of indeterminate cases of infringers. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of legislation for the theoretical defects of parabolic cases in high altitude. Cooperate with commercial insurance to divide the share of liability.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2135681
[Abstract]:In the field of tort liability, tortfeasor uncertain cases like ghosts, in order to better deal with infringers uncertain cases, scholars have carried out a large number of studies. Within the framework of the current legal system, no country has made systematic analysis and collation of the cases of infringers' uncertainty, even the concept of the infringer's uncertainty is rarely mentioned, and only the infringer's uncertain cases are regulated according to different types of cases. No in-depth comparative analysis. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the similarities and differences of different types of cases on the basis of in-depth analysis of the uncertain cases of infringers, and to comment on the relevant classical cases within and outside the domain, and point out the shortcomings of the existing laws in dealing with such cases. Then the proportional liability theory is introduced to perfect the relevant legislation of parabolic cases in high altitude to achieve the effective relief to the infringers and then to achieve fairness and justice. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text consists of four parts. The first part is the summary of the uncertain case of the infringer. Firstly, the connotation of the uncertain case of the infringer is clarified. The uncertain case of the infringer refers to the case in which the scope of the infringer can only be determined and the actual damage caused by the specific infringer can not be determined when the case is tried. Then it enumerates the three most typical cases of infringer uncertainty in judicial practice: first, joint dangerous behavior cases; second, large-scale product infringement cases; third, parabolic cases, to clarify the reasons for comprehensive analysis of the three types of cases. The research scope of this paper is determined. Finally, the three types of typical cases are compared and analyzed in theory to clarify the similarities and differences between the three. The second part is about the handling and evaluation of the indeterminate cases of infringers. On the basis of theoretical analysis, three typical cases, such as "melamine case" and "sewage blockage case", which appear in judicial practice, are analyzed, and the real dispute focus and predicament are summed up. The third part is the investigation and analysis of the foreign law of the indeterminate cases of infringers. On the other hand, according to the different types of cases, this paper investigates the settlement paths of three different types of cases in Anglo-American law countries and civil law countries, and focuses on the introduction of extraterritorial legislation and classic cases, and comments on them. In the fourth part, the infringer is uncertain about the perfection of damage relief. First of all, it analyzes the necessity of perfecting the remedy path of tort uncertain cases, and comprehensively expounds the shortcomings of the current legal norms; secondly, The proportional liability theory is introduced to solve the problems in the joint dangerous behavior cases and large-scale product infringement cases. On the basis of defining the connotation of proportional liability, this paper explains the basis of liability attribution of proportional responsibility, the feasibility and application scope in the field of indeterminate cases of infringers. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of legislation for the theoretical defects of parabolic cases in high altitude. Cooperate with commercial insurance to divide the share of liability.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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