共同遗嘱中“关联性处分”的法律效力

发布时间：2018-07-26 17:04

【摘要】：共同遗嘱的本质特征在于处分的关联性。具体案件中应根据民法解释方法,结合文本语言和遗嘱背景等因素判定处分之关联性。共同遗嘱人一方去世后,遗嘱发生约束力,另一方不得擅自变更其关联性处分。关联处分的物权效力存在分离模式和合并模式两种可能;无法查明当事人意愿时,推定为合并模式。在合并模式下,共同遗嘱排除了法定继承人对先去世方的继承权;为防止继承人主张特留份请求权,立遗嘱人可以设定特留份处罚条款,以实现财产统一之目的。共同遗嘱不妨碍后去世方在生前处分个人财产,但处分人不得滥用该权利侵害遗嘱继承人权益;处分人的生前赠与行为必须具备切身利益,否则继承人可以请求受赠人返还财产。共同遗嘱继承人可因动机或内容错误而撤销业已生效的关联性处分,也可基于变更保留条款、再婚条款、拒绝接受遗产、受益人不当行为、婚姻关系解除等原因而免受约束。
[Abstract]:The essential characteristic of common will is the relevance of disposition. According to the method of civil law interpretation, the text language and testamentary background should be combined to judge the relevance of disposition in specific cases. After the death of one of the co-testator, the will becomes binding and the other party may not alter its related disposition without authorization. There are two kinds of possibility of the real right validity of the related disposition: the separation mode and the merger mode; if the parties' will can not be ascertained, it is presumed to be the merger mode. Under the merger mode, the common will excludes the legal heirs' inheritance right to the first deceased party; in order to prevent the heirs from claiming the right of special share retention, the testator can set the penalty clause of the special share retention to achieve the purpose of property unification. The joint will shall not prevent the deceased from disposing of his personal property before death, but the disposer shall not abuse that right against the rights and interests of the testate successor; the disposition must have a vital interest in the bequeathed act, Otherwise, the heir may ask the grantee to return his property. The intestate inheritor may revoke the relevant disposition which has been in force because of motive or content error, or may be exempt from restriction on the grounds of modification of reservation clause, remarriage clause, refusal to accept inheritance, improper conduct of beneficiary, dissolution of marriage relationship, etc.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学法学院;
【基金】：湖南省重点学科建设项目
【分类号】：D923.5

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