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特定账户担保效力问题研究

发布时间:2018-08-21 08:33
【摘要】:随着社会经济的发展,交易模式创新必然成为民事主体的选择。从让与担保模式被理论界的否定到指导案例对特定账户质押模式的认可,理论界和实务界对新型担保的态度正在逐步的发生转变。从质权人实际占有质押标的物到质权人控制质押标的物即成立质权;质押的标的物范围也随着前者的变化在立法过程中被改变。使用特定账户出质从理论和实务上都符合我国质押担保的规范和实际价值,将其认定为质押担保承认其质权,完全符合我国社会发展的实际。质权设立中存在的两个核心问题是质权是否成功设立和质权人与出质人的普通债权人之间利益的平衡。从实际的社会交易模式和动产质权的设立来分析特定账户的质押效力。最高人民法院在第54号指导案例,"裁判理由"中认定金钱属于特殊的动产。本文肯定了特定账户作为出质标的物的物权效力,通过借鉴域外法,结合我国社会经济发展实际,尝试从理论上来修缮我国质权标的物的范围。作为新型的质押担保模式,采用特定账户作为质押标的为在理论上还处于探索阶段。但在法律实务中已经被广泛使用,如在融资借贷、企业联营、第三方支付方面十分普遍。在物权法中规定物权的种类和内容由法律规定,最近通过的我国民法总则中同样作出了该规定,立法者似乎在理论上不愿意承认对于物权种类和内容的变动;但是在实际的民商事活动中,采用特定账户作质押标的物却因其使用简便、实现质权容易而常常被民事主体所采用。民事法律作为一种社会规范,其根本宗旨是为社会民事主体提供法律保护,是为社会的发展提供法律引导。社会发展必然导致交易模式的改变,法律若始终保持传统理念,对新生事物保持沉默,有违法律的设立目的。本文从质权法律规范的立法目的出发,对特定账户作为质权标的物的质押模式和构成进行分析,借鉴其他国家和地区的质押担保制度,对我国质押担保的出质标的物种范围进行完善。肯定特定账户作为出质标的物的物权效力,使特定账户成为受法律保护的质押标的物。主要分为四部分,第一部分对现有质权做了梳理,对新型的质押模式做一个概念上的界定,简要分析将特定账户作为出质标的物的价值和意义。第二部分对常见非典型质押担保模式做了法律关系的分析,从该种模式的法律关系、公示方式、实现质权方面做了详细论证。第三部分从比较法角度对该问题做对比分析并提出借鉴的可行性。第四部分通过借鉴其他国家和地区的质押法律规范提出我国动产质权内容的立法修改、法律解释、指导案例强化等内容。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the innovation of transaction mode must become the choice of civil subject. From the negation of the transfer guarantee model to the approval of the specific account pledge model in the guiding cases, the attitude of the theoretical and practical circles towards the new type of guarantee is gradually changing. The scope of the subject matter of pledge is changed in the legislative process with the change of the subject matter of pledge, from the actual possession of the subject matter of pledge to the control of the subject matter of pledge by the mortgagor. The use of specific account pledge accords with the norms and practical value of pledge guarantee in theory and practice, and it is considered as pledge guarantee to recognize its pledge right, which is completely in line with the reality of social development in our country. The two core problems in the establishment of pledge are whether the pledge is successfully established or not and the balance between the interests of the mortgagor and the common creditor of the mortgagor. This paper analyzes the validity of pledge of specific account from the actual social transaction mode and the establishment of chattel pledge. In guiding case No. 54, the Supreme people's Court decided that money was a special movable property. This paper affirms the validity of specific account as the right of the subject matter of pledge. By referring to the extraterritorial law and combining the reality of our country's social and economic development, this paper attempts to repair the scope of the subject matter of pledge in our country theoretically. As a new type of pledge guarantee mode, the use of specific account as the pledge object is still in the exploration stage in theory. However, it has been widely used in legal practice, such as financing and lending, joint venture and third party payment. The category and content of real right are stipulated by law in the real right law, which is also stipulated in the recently adopted general principles of civil law of our country. The legislator seems unwilling to admit the change of the kind and content of real right in theory; However, in the actual civil and commercial activities, the use of specific accounts as the subject matter of pledge is often used by civil subjects because of its simple use and easy realization of pledge rights. As a social norm, civil law aims at providing legal protection for civil subjects and legal guidance for the development of society. The social development will inevitably lead to the change of the transaction mode. If the law always maintains the traditional idea and keeps silent on the new things, it is against the purpose of the establishment of the law. Based on the legislative purpose of the legal norm of pledge, this paper analyzes the pledge mode and composition of specific account as the subject matter of pledge, and draws lessons from the pledge guarantee system of other countries and regions. The scope of the subject matter of pledge guarantee in China is improved. Confirm the validity of specific account as the right of pledge subject matter, make the specific account become the subject matter of pledge protected by law. It is mainly divided into four parts. The first part combs the existing pledge, makes a conceptual definition of the new pledge mode, and briefly analyzes the value and significance of taking the specific account as the subject matter of pledge. The second part analyzes the legal relationship of the common atypical pledge guarantee mode, from the legal relationship of the model, publicity mode, the realization of pledge made a detailed demonstration. The third part makes a comparative analysis of the problem from the perspective of comparative law and puts forward the feasibility of reference. The fourth part through drawing lessons from other countries and regions of pledge legal norms put forward the content of China's chattel pledge legislative amendment legal interpretation guidance case strengthening and so on.
【学位授予单位】:中央民族大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:D923.2

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