融资租赁合同中出租人权利保护问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 07:17

【摘要】：融资租赁是一种舶来品,是集融资与融物为一体的一种交易方式。该交易方式起源于美国,在改革开放初期为我国引进。30多年来,融资租赁支持了民航、通信、能源等基础设施的建设及众多企业的技术改造,已经成为继银行信贷之后的第二大融资渠道,是现代金融领域的朝阳产业。然而融资租赁业在取得如此迅速发展的同时,也暴露出了许多问题,其中一个重要方面就是对承租人的保护力度不够,承租人所面临的法律风险,远远大于其所能够获得的利润。只有解决了出租人的权利保护问题,降低出租人所面临的风险,平衡出租人风险和收益之间的紧张关系,才能进一步推动融资租赁业的深入发展,使融资租赁的功能真正发挥。本文除了引言和结语外,共分三部分。文章结构如下:第一章是关于融资租赁合同的学理分析。首先介绍了融资租赁合同的基本概念和特征,将融资租赁合同与相类似的分期付款合同、租赁合同进行对比区分,指出融资租赁合同作为一种独立的合同所具有的特殊性。其次,针对目前理论界关于融资租赁合同的法律构造的争议,即是三方结构说还是双方结构说,提出了支持三方结构说的理据,反对双方结构说的原因。第三,笔者总结了在融资租赁合同中出租人所享有的权利承担的义务,对下文分析融资租赁合同中出租人面临的风险具有指导意义。第二章分析了融资租赁合同中出租人所面临的风险类型及风险产生的原因。在这一部分,笔者详述了融资租赁合同中出租人所承受的风险,包括债的风险、权利风险及与租赁物有关的风险,具体分析各种类型风险下,现有法律的规定及其不足。此外,笔者总结了上述风险产生的原因,以便有针对性的解决问题。第三章也是最重要的一部分,在债权风险中,笔者针对承租人迟延履行,指出出租人选择解除合同,取回租赁物不一定能覆盖出租人的全部损失,应该赋予承租人二次选择权;在租赁物毁损灭失的情况下,具体分析了让承租人负担风险的深层次的原因,并指出现行融资租赁司法解释有关租赁物毁损灭失的风险负担规则和合同解除制度在一定情形下会产生冲突,并试着提出了协调冲突的方法。在权利风险中,笔者以售后回租为例,分析了在租赁物转移前后,出租人如何防范承租人处分租赁物,在承租人处分租赁物后,出租人在现行法框架内如何能够善意取得,并防止他人善意取得。笔者还借鉴了国外的经验,提出了融资租赁登记制度,并对具体操作提出了建议。针对物的风险,笔者分析了出租人不承担瑕疵担保责任的原因,承租人行使直接索赔权的理论基础;针对租赁物可能会归属于出租人的情形,提出了完善租赁物二手市场的建议。
[Abstract]:Finance lease is a kind of foreign goods, and it is a kind of transaction mode which integrates financing and financial goods. The transaction originated in the United States. In the early years of reform and opening up to the outside world, financial leasing has supported the construction of civil aviation, communications, energy and other infrastructure facilities and the technological transformation of many enterprises. Has become the second largest financing channel after bank credit, is the sunrise industry in the modern financial field. However, with the rapid development of the finance leasing industry, many problems have been exposed, one of which is the insufficient protection of the lessee and the legal risks faced by the lessee. Far more than it can make. Only by solving the problem of the protection of the lessor's rights, reducing the risk faced by the lessor and balancing the tense relationship between the lessor's risk and the income can we further promote the further development of the finance leasing industry and make the function of the financial lease play a real role. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into three parts. The structure of the article is as follows: the first chapter is the theoretical analysis of financial leasing contract. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept and characteristics of financial lease contract, compares it with similar installment contract and lease contract, and points out the particularity of financial lease contract as an independent contract. Secondly, in view of the dispute about the legal structure of the financial lease contract in the theoretical circle at present, that is, the theory of tripartite structure or the theory of two-party structure, this paper puts forward the rationale of supporting the theory of tripartite structure and the reason of opposing the theory of two-party structure. Thirdly, the author summarizes the rights and obligations of the lessor in the financial lease contract, which is of guiding significance to the analysis of the risks faced by the lessor in the financial lease contract below. The second chapter analyzes the types of risks faced by lessors in the financial lease contract and the causes of the risks. In this part, the author details the risks that the lessor bears in the financial lease contract, including the risk of debt, the right risk and the risk related to the lease item, and analyzes the provisions of the existing law and its deficiencies under various types of risks. In addition, the author summarizes the causes of the above risks in order to solve the problem. The third chapter is also the most important part. In the risk of creditor's rights, the author points out that the lessor chooses to cancel the contract and take back the lease item, which does not necessarily cover all the losses of the lessor, and the lessee should be given the second option. In the case of the damage and loss of the lease item, the paper analyzes the deep-seated reasons for the lessee to bear the risk. It also points out that the current judicial interpretation of financial leasing and the rules of risk burden related to the damage and loss of the lease item and the system of rescission of the contract will lead to conflicts under certain circumstances, and try to put forward a method to coordinate the conflict. In the right risk, the author takes the after-sale lease as an example, analyzes how the lessor prevents the lessee from disposing of the lease item before and after the lease item is transferred, and how the lessor can obtain the lease item in good faith after the lessee has disposed of the lease item. And prevent others from acquiring it in good faith. The author also draws lessons from the experience of foreign countries, puts forward the financial lease registration system, and puts forward some suggestions for the concrete operation. In view of the risk of the property, the author analyzes the reason why the lessor does not bear the liability for the defective guarantee, the theoretical basis of the lessee's exercise of the right of direct claim, and the case that the leased property may belong to the lessor. The suggestion of perfecting the second-hand market of lease item is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

【共引文献】