网络遗嘱效力研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 13:43

【摘要】：网络遗嘱是近年来出现的一种新型网络服务,用户可以将个人信息存放在网络保管箱内,并且指定其他联系人,万一用户意外离世,网站就会把这些信息在公证机构的监督下转交给指定联系人。本文系统整理了网络遗嘱的主要概念,探讨其法律效力问题,分析了网络遗嘱生效的阻碍因素,并且对未来网络遗嘱合法化提出初步构想。网络遗嘱提供了一个隐秘的私人空间,使人们可以抛开中国传统文化对遗嘱的偏见与忌讳,在意外尚未到来的时候,提前将财产进行妥善的安排,以健康的心态去坦然面对人生的未知与风险。它一出现就引起人们广泛关注,学术界关于其法律效力颇有争论。本文认为网络遗嘱不属于法律规定的遗嘱形式,因此没有法律效力。但法律未禁止网络对用户信息资料的保存和传送,因此网络遗嘱的存在符合市场需求,有一定现实意义。此外,难以考证真实性、信息安全风险高、监管存在空白是阻碍网络遗嘱生效的主要因素。遗嘱形式强制在一定程度上能够保证遗嘱的合法性,有助于实现遗嘱人的真实意愿,但是也要顾及社会发展的现实需要,维护社会利益与个人利益的平衡。过于强调遗嘱的形式完整性可能违背遗嘱人的真实意思。为了实现遗嘱人的临终意愿,对在形式上有欠缺的遗嘱,若有充分证据表明遗嘱的确是遗嘱人的真实意愿,那么应当认为遗嘱有效,而不能仅凭遗嘱形式上的瑕疵就否定遗嘱的效力。网络遗嘱如果得到法律的肯定,可以充分发挥法对效率的促进作用。如何在确保网络遗嘱方便快捷的同时又能对其真伪进行有效的鉴定,以及鉴定机构和鉴定程序等问题都需要严格的法律来规范。网络遗嘱的存在对于审视自己、关爱亲人有着独特的意义,虽然于法无效,但却于情有理。虽然网络遗嘱距离合法化还有一段漫长的路要走,但是随着网络遗嘱的影响不断扩大,这种保留真情、传递关爱的人文精神会继续弘扬下去。
[Abstract]:Internet will is a new type of network service that has emerged in recent years. Users can store their personal information in the network storage box and designate other contacts in case the user accidentally dies. The website will transfer the information to the designated contact person under the supervision of the notary authority. This paper systematically arranges the main concept of network will, probes into its legal effect, analyzes the obstacle factors of the validity of network will, and puts forward a preliminary idea for the legalization of network will in the future. Internet wills provide a private space for people to put aside the prejudices and taboos of traditional Chinese culture on wills, and to arrange their property well in advance of accidents. In a healthy state of mind to face the unknown and risks of life. As soon as it appears, people pay close attention to it, and the legal effect of it is controversial in academic circles. This article thinks that the net will does not belong to the law stipulation will form, therefore does not have the legal effect. However, the law does not prohibit the preservation and transmission of user information on the network, so the existence of network will meets the needs of the market and has certain practical significance. In addition, it is difficult to verify the authenticity, the information security risk is high, and the gap in supervision is the main factor that hinders the validity of the Internet will. The form of will can guarantee the legitimacy of the will to a certain extent and help to realize the will of the testator, but it should also take into account the actual needs of social development and maintain the balance between social interests and personal interests. Too much emphasis on the formal integrity of the will may run counter to the testator's true meaning. In order to realize the will of the testator on his deathbed, if there is sufficient evidence to show that the will is indeed the will of the testator, the will shall be considered valid. The validity of the will cannot be denied by mere defects in the form of the will. Internet will, if confirmed by the law, can give full play to the law to promote efficiency. How to ensure the convenience and rapidity of network wills and at the same time to effectively identify its authenticity, as well as the identification of institutions and procedures need strict law to regulate. The existence of Internet will has a unique meaning for examining oneself and caring for loved ones. Although it is invalid in law, it is reasonable in emotion. Although there is still a long way to go from legalization to network will, with the influence of network will continue to expand, this retention of true feelings, the humanistic spirit of transmission of love will continue to carry forward.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.5

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