环境污染责任相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 19:18

【摘要】：伴随着我国经济的迅速增长以及科学技术的进步,环境污染以及环境问题引发的问题也日益严峻,在一定程度上甚至成为了影响社会经济发展以及社会进步的重要因素。那么问题也随之而来,如何能够高效合理的解决环境污染引起的侵权问题则成为我国社会面临的一大难题和挑战。由于环境污染侵权其本身所具有的特殊性,我们不能够简单的套用一般的侵权行为的处理方式,所以应就其特殊性来设计一套与其相适应的救济措施和问题处理方式。我国于2009年12月16日审议通过的《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》以专章的形式对由于环境污染而导致的侵权责任问题作出了详尽的规定。这一立法规定不仅为处理此类问题提供了法律依据,而且也在整个立法体例中也具有重大意义。本文主要针对《侵权责任法》中涉及环境污染侵权的第65条至第68条这四个法律条文为背景,对环境污染责任的相关问题作出比较分析。通过分析国内外对于环境污染侵权问题的研究现状,以及我国《侵权责任法》对环境污染侵权问题中归责原则、举证责任、共同污染行为和第三人过错责任原则等法律规定与国外相应法律规定进行比较研究;我国《侵权责任法》规定,针对环境污染而导致的侵权问题其归责原则应适用无过错的归责原则,并且不要求污染行为的行为具有一定的“违法性”,还在立法上明确规定了环境污染侵权类问题就其因果关系应适用因果关系举证责任倒置的规定,这些相关制度的确立对于解决司法实践中的环境侵权问题具有现实的指导意义。尽管如此,我国《侵权责任法》中也有一些有待于细化和完善的规定,比如我们仍需就因果关系的推定制度以及环境污染侵权的免责事由等问题作出相应的制度规定。通过对环境污染侵权所涉及的这四方面问题的比较分析,为了更好的保障环境侵权责任相关制度良好的适用的,使其充分发挥高效的作用并且更好的保障受害人的权益得到有效救济,建立与之相配套的环境污染责任保险制度等相关保障制度有其特殊意义。让其余《侵权责任法》的相关规定配合,从而保障在环境污染侵权中受到损害的公民及时有效的行使权利及时得到救济。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of our economy and the progress of science and technology, the problems caused by environmental pollution and environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe, and to a certain extent have even become an important factor affecting social economic development and social progress. So, how to solve the problem of tort caused by environmental pollution efficiently and reasonably becomes a big problem and challenge to our society. Because of the particularity of the environmental pollution tort itself, we can not simply apply the general tort treatment, so we should design a suit of relief measures and problem handling methods according to its particularity. The Law of the people's Republic of China on Tort liability, which was deliberated and passed by our country on December 16, 2009, has made a detailed regulation on the tort liability caused by environmental pollution in the form of a special chapter. This legislative provision not only provides the legal basis for dealing with this kind of problem, but also has great significance in the whole legislative system. This article mainly aims at the article 65 to 68 of the tort liability law which involves the environmental pollution infringement as the background, makes the comparative analysis to the related question of the environmental pollution liability. By analyzing the current situation of research on environmental pollution tort at home and abroad, as well as the principle of imputation in tort liability law of our country, the burden of proof is put forward. A comparative study is made between the joint pollution act and the principle of liability for fault of the third party and the corresponding legal provisions of foreign countries; the Tort liability Law of our country stipulates that, To solve the problem of tort caused by environmental pollution, the principle of imputation should be applied to the principle of no-fault imputation, and the act of pollution is not required to be "illegal". In addition, the legislation clearly stipulates that the causality of environmental pollution tort should be reversed. The establishment of these related systems is of practical significance to solve the environmental tort problem in judicial practice. However, there are some provisions in Tort liability Law that need to be refined and perfected. For example, we still need to make corresponding regulations on the presumption of causality and the exemption of environmental pollution tort. Through the comparative analysis of the four aspects involved in environmental pollution tort, in order to better protect the environmental tort liability related system, It is of special significance to make it play an efficient role and to better protect the rights and interests of the victims to get effective relief. It is of special significance to establish the corresponding environmental pollution liability insurance system and other related security systems. Let the relevant provisions of the other Tort liability Law cooperate so as to ensure that the citizens who have been damaged in the environmental pollution tort can promptly and effectively exercise their rights and get relief in time.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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