器官捐献人自己决定权研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 07:06

【摘要】：器官捐献是自然人行使其身体权,支配其身体器官的一项民事法律行为。由于器官捐献牵涉到器官捐献人的生命、身体和健康,或者关系到其死后的遗体完整。因此,在器官捐献人进行器官捐献决定时,必须充分体现其自我决定自由。当这种自我决定自由为法律所确认,成为器官捐献人所享有的一项民事权利时,即为器官捐献人自己决定权,其含义是指,器官捐献人对于自己和器官捐献有关的事项享有自己决定的权利。这一权利的存在,一方面彰显法律对器官捐献人人格尊严的尊重和人格利益的维护,另一方面体现法律对器官捐献和器官移植程序公正的追求。对于器官捐献人自己决定权的法律性质,学者们将其界定为器官捐献人享有的一项人格权之后,便没有继续深入分析。其实,器官捐献人自己决定权并不是什么新鲜的权利,它只是自然人身体权下的权能性权利——身体自主权在器官移植活动中的体现。该权利的内容,包括器官捐献同意权、器官捐献拒绝权、器官捐献撤销权和器官捐献对象选择权。器官捐献人行使该权利,不能违反法律和社会公序良俗。器官捐献人自己决定权法律制度的立法完善,应当首先确立该法律制度的基本原则,然后以《民法典》上身体权法律制度的确立为基础,再由《人体器官移植法》进行特别法上的制度体系建构。器官捐献人自己决定权的法律制度体系,应当包括自身制度和配套制度两个方面。自身制度包括器官捐献人自己决定权主体制度和器官捐献人自己决定权行使制度;配套制度包括器官捐献人自己决定权登记制度、器官移植伦理审查制度、器官捐献合理补偿制度和民事责任制度等。
[Abstract]:Organ donation is a civil legal act in which natural persons exercise their body right and dispose of their body organs. Because organ donation involves the donor's life, body and health, or the integrity of his body after death. Therefore, when organ donors make organ donation decisions, they must fully reflect their freedom of self-determination. When this freedom of self-determination is recognized by law as a civil right enjoyed by organ donors, it is the organ donor's own discretion, which means, Organ donors have the right to decide on their own matters related to organ donation. The existence of this right, on the one hand, shows the respect for human dignity and the protection of personal interests of organ donors, on the other hand, it embodies the pursuit of fair procedure of organ donation and organ transplantation. As to the legal nature of organ donor's own decision, scholars have defined it as a personal right of organ donor, but they have not analyzed it in depth. In fact, the organ donor's own decision is not a new right, it is only the right of power under the body right of natural person-the embodiment of body autonomy in organ transplantation. The content of this right includes organ donation consent right organ donation rejection right organ donation cancellation right and organ donation object option. Organ donors cannot exercise this right in violation of the law and public order. In order to perfect the legislative system of organ donor's own decision-making power, the basic principle of the legal system should be established first, and then the legal system of body right should be established on the basis of "Civil Code". Then the system of special law is constructed by Human Organ Transplant method. The legal system of organ donor's own decision should include its own system and supporting system. The system includes the system of the main body of the organ donor's own decision-making power and the system of the organ donor's exercise of the right of decision, and the supporting system includes the organ donor's own decision right registration system, the organ transplant ethics examination system, Organ donation reasonable compensation system and civil liability system.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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