民事行为能力制度的体系性解读

发布时间：2018-10-23 13:27

【摘要】：《民法总则》关于民事行为能力的规定极具中国特色,其规范构造虽然通俗易懂,但在立法技术上付出了重复立法的代价。下调无民事行为能力与限制民事行为能力的年龄界限,旨在减轻无民事行为能力制度的先天缺陷。年龄界限下调得越低,越利于缩减这种缺陷。其第21条所作八周岁以上未成年人无民事行为能力的新增规定,是对未成年人之限制民事行为能力缺乏深入理解的产物,属于无益有害的立法"创新"。将完全民事行为能力的拟制与未成年人之限制民事行为能力规定在一个条文中更能揭示拟制制度的规范目的,并有助于消除关于拟制制度的错误理解,然而,立法者却于最后时刻放弃了创新追求。总体而言,《民法总则》在承继《民法通则》的规定上因循守旧之气过重,变革动力和能力明显不足。
[Abstract]:The provisions of the General principles of Civil Law have very Chinese characteristics. Although the normative structure is easy to understand, it pays the price of repeated legislation in the legislative technology. To reduce the age limit between the incapacity of civil conduct and the limitation of civil capacity, the aim is to alleviate the inherent defects of the system of incapacity. The lower the age limit, the more conducive to reducing the defect. The new provision in Article 21 that minors above the age of eight have no capacity for civil conduct is the product of a lack of in-depth understanding of the limitation of minors' capacity for civil conduct, and is a "innovation" of unhelpful and harmful legislation. The provision of the fiction of complete civil capacity and the limitation of civil capacity of minors in a single article can better reveal the normative purpose of the fictitious system and help to eliminate the erroneous understanding of the fictitious system, however, Lawmakers gave up the pursuit of innovation at the last minute. In general, the general principles of civil law are too conservative and lack of motive force and ability to change in succession to the provisions of the general principles of civil law.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院法学研究所;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“民法中的未成年人保护问题研究”(项目批准号:13BFX082) 国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“中国民法重述、民法典编纂与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善”(项目编号:14ZDC018)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.1

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