论死者人格利益的直接保护

发布时间：2018-11-13 12:34

【摘要】：传统民法理论认为自然人因死亡而丧失民事主体资格,而且人格权这一专属性的权利必然随着主体的丧失而消火,不受法律的保护,故死者人格利益长期得不到法律的保护。现代社会随着人格尊严观念的强化和大量侵害死者人格利益的侵权行为的发生,使得我国司法实践不得不确立起对死者人格利益进行保护的普遍做法。但是由于缺乏明确的法律规定,各种学说众说纷纭,而且不利于对死者人格利益的科学保护,因此有必要对各种学说进行评析,从而确定我国死者人格保护制度的构建模式。我国正处于人格权立法以及未来统一民法典制定的探讨过程中,我们应当打破传统民法理论思维的束缚,在保持民法稳定性的前提下勇于制度创新,本文借鉴比较法上的经验并结合我国民法体系本身,提出死者人格利益化的直接保护模式,以克服其他学说的内在矛盾和体系障碍。首先,承认可以与民事主体相分离而且继续体现死者人格形象的人格要素,并利用法哲学的独特视角而得出死者人格利益是客观存在的。其次,通过构建死者部分权利能力制度,承认死者在人格权领域具有民事主体的资格而应该受到法律保护。最后,扩张人格权内涵,承认死者人格之精神利益与财产利益,并采取区别化的保护方式。文章的最后一部分还提出对死者人格保护的其他具体立法建议,例如构建死者保护人制度,确立死者人格利益保护期限。完善我国死者人格利益保护制度的同时也能促进我国人格权制度的发展。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of civil law holds that natural persons lose the qualification of civil subject because of death, and the exclusive right of personality right must disappear with the loss of subject and not be protected by law, so the interests of the personality of the deceased can not be protected by law for a long time. With the strengthening of the concept of human dignity and the occurrence of a large number of infringements on the interests of the deceased in modern society, the judicial practice of our country has to establish the universal practice of protecting the interests of the deceased. However, due to the lack of clear legal provisions, different opinions of various doctrines, and not conducive to the scientific protection of the interests of the deceased, it is necessary to evaluate the various doctrines, so as to determine the construction model of the system of protection of the personality of the deceased in our country. Our country is in the process of discussing the legislation of personality right and the formulation of the future unified civil code. We should break the shackles of the traditional civil law theoretical thinking and have the courage to innovate the system under the premise of maintaining the stability of the civil law. Based on the experience of comparative law and the civil law system of our country, this paper puts forward a direct protection model for the benefit of the deceased's personality in order to overcome the inherent contradictions and systemic obstacles of other theories. First of all, admit that the personality elements of the personality image of the deceased can be separated from the civil subject and continue to embody the personality image of the deceased, and draw the conclusion that the interests of the personality of the deceased exist objectively by using the unique perspective of legal philosophy. Secondly, it should be protected by law by constructing the system of partial right capacity of the deceased and recognizing that the deceased has the qualification of civil subject in the field of personality right. Finally, we should expand the connotation of personality right, recognize the spiritual interests and property interests of the deceased personality, and adopt a differentiated way of protection. The last part of the article also puts forward other specific legislative suggestions on the protection of the personality of the deceased, such as the construction of the system of the protector of the deceased and the establishment of the period of protection of the interests of the deceased. Perfecting the system of protecting the interests of the deceased can also promote the development of the system of personality right in our country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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