我国无主物归属制度实证研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 13:09

【摘要】：无主物的归属问题,一直是民法上一个热门的话题。先占制度又是解决这一问题的一个必不可少的制度。早在我国刚刚准备起草民法草案时就有学者提出我国应当把这一制度写进民法中,可是不知什么原因国家却回避了这一问题。在民法不断走向完善的这段历程里,发生了很多与先占有关的案例,就因为我国民法中没有这一制度在全国掀起了激烈的讨论。最终因为没有法律依据支持这一制度,这些无主物都毫无例外的判归国家所有。这使得这些发现者以及民众非常不满,政府和人民之间的矛盾不断激化,严重影响社会稳定。随着我国法律体系的不断完善,笔者认为确有必要将这一制度写进未来的民法典中。本文主要包括四个部分:第一部分,通过四川乌木案引出无主物以及与无主物相关的问题。第二部分,由于我国并没有无主物归属的相关制度,所以通过研究大陆法系国家和地区对于无主物的相关规定得出,这些国家在无主物归属问题上适用先占制度,并且从中找出了先占制度的起源、概念以及性质和构成要件。第三部分,主要是对我国民法中无主物归属制度的考察。首先指出我国历史上在立法上是承认先占制度的,但是在新中国成立时却在立法中摒弃了这一制度。其次写了我国现行民法中无主物归属制度的立法现状及存在问题,即由于我国立法中并没有无主物的相关规定,导致司法实践无所适从,各种争议不断。最后总结了存在这种立法缺陷的原因。第四部分,主要是对我国无主物归属制度的构建。首先分析了我国适用先占制度的可行性,其次提出了我国适用无主物归属制度的现行建议。笔者认为应当先在物权法编中加入有主物与无主物的分类,然后在物权法中关于所有权的取得方式中加入先占制度的相关内容,主要包括确立先占制度的立法目的、适用范围、先占的基本概念及构成要件和确立先占制度必须坚持的基本原则。
[Abstract]:The ownership of the subject matter has always been a hot topic in the civil law. Preemption system is an indispensable system to solve this problem. As early as when our country was preparing to draft the draft of civil law, some scholars proposed that our country should put this system into civil law, but for some reason the country avoided this problem. In the course of civil law's continuous improvement, there have been many cases related to preemption, just because there is no such system in civil law in our country, which has aroused fierce discussion in the whole country. Ultimately, because there is no legal basis to support this system, these objects without exception to the state. This makes the discoverers and the public very dissatisfied, the government and the people between the conflict has been intensified, seriously affecting social stability. With the continuous improvement of our legal system, I think it is necessary to write this system into the future civil code. This article mainly includes four parts: the first part, through Sichuan ebony case leads to no subject and related problems. The second part, because our country does not have the related system of the ownership of the subject matter, so through the study of the relevant regulations of the countries and regions of the continental law system for the non-subject matter, we can draw the conclusion that these countries apply the preemptive system to the problem of the attribution of the non-subject matter. And find out the origin, concept, nature and elements of preemption system. The third part is the investigation of the system of ownership without subject matter in the civil law of our country. Firstly, it is pointed out that in the history of our country, the system of preemption was recognized in the legislation, but it was abandoned in the legislation when the new China was founded. Secondly, the author writes about the current legislative situation and existing problems of the system of ownership without subject in the current civil law of our country, that is, due to the absence of relevant provisions in the legislation of our country, the judicial practice is at a loss, and all kinds of disputes continue. Finally, the author summarizes the reasons for the defects of the legislation. The fourth part is the construction of the ownership system without subject matter in our country. Firstly, it analyzes the feasibility of applying preemption system in our country, and then puts forward the current suggestion of applying the ownership system without subject matter in our country. The author thinks that we should first add the classification of the main thing and the non-subject thing in the real right law, and then add the relevant contents of the preemption system in the way of obtaining the ownership in the real right law, mainly including the legislative purpose and the scope of application of the preemption system. The basic concept and elements of preemption and the basic principles that must be adhered to in the establishment of preemption system.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

【相似文献】