涉及“冷冻胚胎”的法理思考
发布时间：2019-02-11 10:24
【摘要】：在2014年我国首例“冷冻胚胎”案中,法院最终支持双方老人共同处置4枚冷冻胚胎,使得冷冻胚胎继承案在社会范围内引起了强烈的广泛关注。当前,受环境与工作压力等问题影响,生育障碍成为了许多都市人生活中的普遍焦虑,不少人为了“传宗接代”,不得不诉诸冷冻胚胎等人工生殖手段。但就目前我国现行的法律法规来看,冷冻胚胎在一定程度上还是身份不明的“黑户”,冷冻胚胎环节中各个当事人在实践中对于冷冻胚胎的性质、处分、继承等问题的争议频频出现。因而,目前极有必要就“冷冻胚胎”的权属问题从法理角度进行深入探讨,厘清“冷冻胚胎”在目前法学界所涉及的论争焦点及其权属问题,并在结合国外司法对“冷冻胚胎”进行处置的经验基础上,为我国司法就如何明确“冷冻胚胎”的法律权属、规范法律体系等方面提出可行性设计,以期弥补该方面的法律空白。具体而言,有几个迫在眉睫的问题急需界定清楚:其一,界定“冷冻胚胎”的法律权属,规范我国法律对“冷冻胚胎”的监管和权属;其二,构建风险和纠纷防范机制,以解决夫妻事故或离婚后冷冻胚胎的法律归属权;其三,将冷冻胚胎问题提升至立法保护范畴。当然,国内在针对冷冻胚胎进行法理性界定的同时,也应当充分借鉴国外相似问题的处理方式,以期“取之精华,取之糟粕”,在吸收经验教训的基础上迅速完善自身法律条文。总之,针对“冷冻胚胎”问题开展相应具有针对性的法律研究,可助推我国相关法律制度的完善,化解纠纷,维护社会和谐。
[Abstract]:In the first "frozen embryo" case in our country in 2014, the court finally supported the old people of both sides to dispose of four frozen embryos together, which made the succession case of frozen embryo aroused strong attention in the social scope. At present, due to the influence of environment and work pressure, fertility barrier has become a common anxiety in the life of many urban people. In order to "pass down the family", many people have to resort to artificial reproductive means such as frozen embryos. However, according to the current laws and regulations in our country, frozen embryos are, to a certain extent, "not registered in the household registration", and in the frozen embryo process, each party concerned has dealt with the nature of the frozen embryo in practice. Disputes over succession and other issues arise frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the ownership of "frozen embryos" from the angle of legal theory, and clarify the focus of controversy and ownership of frozen embryos in the current legal circles. Based on the experience of foreign countries in dealing with "frozen embryos", the feasibility design of how to define the legal ownership of "frozen embryos" and standardize the legal system is put forward. In order to fill the legal gap in this area. In particular, there are several urgent problems that need to be clearly defined: first, defining the legal ownership of "frozen embryos" and standardizing the supervision and ownership of "frozen embryos" in Chinese law; Second, construct the risk and dispute prevention mechanism to solve the marital accident or divorce after freezing embryo legal ownership; third, the frozen embryo issue to the scope of legislative protection. Of course, while defining the legal rationality of frozen embryos in our country, we should also draw full lessons from similar problems in foreign countries in order to "take the essence and the dross". On the basis of absorbing experience and lessons, we should quickly improve our own legal provisions. In a word, the corresponding legal research on frozen embryos can help to improve the relevant legal system of our country, resolve disputes and maintain social harmony.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2
[Abstract]:In the first "frozen embryo" case in our country in 2014, the court finally supported the old people of both sides to dispose of four frozen embryos together, which made the succession case of frozen embryo aroused strong attention in the social scope. At present, due to the influence of environment and work pressure, fertility barrier has become a common anxiety in the life of many urban people. In order to "pass down the family", many people have to resort to artificial reproductive means such as frozen embryos. However, according to the current laws and regulations in our country, frozen embryos are, to a certain extent, "not registered in the household registration", and in the frozen embryo process, each party concerned has dealt with the nature of the frozen embryo in practice. Disputes over succession and other issues arise frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the ownership of "frozen embryos" from the angle of legal theory, and clarify the focus of controversy and ownership of frozen embryos in the current legal circles. Based on the experience of foreign countries in dealing with "frozen embryos", the feasibility design of how to define the legal ownership of "frozen embryos" and standardize the legal system is put forward. In order to fill the legal gap in this area. In particular, there are several urgent problems that need to be clearly defined: first, defining the legal ownership of "frozen embryos" and standardizing the supervision and ownership of "frozen embryos" in Chinese law; Second, construct the risk and dispute prevention mechanism to solve the marital accident or divorce after freezing embryo legal ownership; third, the frozen embryo issue to the scope of legislative protection. Of course, while defining the legal rationality of frozen embryos in our country, we should also draw full lessons from similar problems in foreign countries in order to "take the essence and the dross". On the basis of absorbing experience and lessons, we should quickly improve our own legal provisions. In a word, the corresponding legal research on frozen embryos can help to improve the relevant legal system of our country, resolve disputes and maintain social harmony.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2
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