试论要约的不可撤销性

发布时间：2018-01-28 13:27

本文关键词： 诚实信用信赖利益不可撤销要约效率违约　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：内容摘要：当经济繁荣快速发展之时，与之伴随法制建设必然也需要规范完善，法律完备。目前的商业活动中，以要约、承诺方式成立合同的过程是不可或缺的程序，而这里核心的法律问题是要约的法律效力问题，而要约法律效力的实质为受要约人承诺权的授予及其限制与扩张，法律通过对受要约人的承诺权限制与扩张，要约人发出的要约法律效力会出现不同情况。国内民事立法在综合了英美法系和大陆法系关于要约的规定下，把大部分要约归为可撤销要约，，而不可撤销要约的情况只是三种情形，前两种情况相对比较明确，而基于第三种情况把衡量判断的标准寄托于法官自由裁量上，这本身的不明确性和缺乏指向性就是的该条文值得商榷，本文第一部分首先从要约理论出发，在区别国内《合同法》关于要约撤回和撤销的情况下，进一步分析了国内要约两类要约规定的具体情况；文章第二部分在分析不可撤销要约发展的背景框架下，先是纵向比较了大陆法系中多个国家关于不可撤销要约的规定分析，然后又分析了英美法系在不同时代理论发展背景下的要约发展历程，最后横向的总结比较两大法系之间关于不可撤销要约的规定，进而引出笔者关于不可撤销要约的观点。第三部分文章在深入分析大陆法系中德国民法对于不可撤销要约的规定，又从另一方面英美法系关于要约理论中对于不可撤销要约从无到有的发展过程，剖析近代效率违约的理的缺陷，对于近代分析法学派的研究视角作出客观的分析之，跳出单独的经济价值衡量标准体系下，文章重点的分析了如何借鉴经济学理论例如机会成本、边际效益递减理论上的分析从而论证不可撤销要约在国内立法的可行性，还要从社会经济价值总量的角度计算分析到要约双方的等价交换，从而衡量要约撤销与否。文章在基本的民商法理论框架之下，笔者选择在经济学视角切入分析，希望可以对要约实现效率与公平在立法及实施上的平衡。
[Abstract]:Content Abstract: when the economic prosperity and rapid development, with the legal system construction must also need to be standardized and perfect, the law is complete. In the current commercial activities, to offer. The process of contract formation in the mode of acceptance is an indispensable procedure, and the core legal issue here is the legal effect of the offer, and the essence of the legal effect of the offer is the awarding of the offeree's right of acceptance and its restriction and expansion. The law limits and expands the offeree's right of acceptance, the legal effect of the offeree's offer will be different. Most of the offers are classified as revocable, while the cases of irrevocable offer are only three cases, the first two cases are relatively clear, and based on the third case, the standard of judgment is placed on the discretion of the judge. This is the lack of clarity and lack of direction is the article is debatable, the first part of this article from the theory of offer, in the case of distinguishing domestic contract law on the withdrawal and revocation of the offer. Further analysis of the domestic offer of two types of offer provisions of the specific situation; The second part of the article in the analysis of the development of irrevocable offers under the background framework, first longitudinal comparison of the civil law system of many countries on the irrevocable offer of the provisions of the analysis. Then analyzes the Anglo-American legal system under the different era of theoretical development of the development of the history of the offer, and finally the horizontal comparison of the two legal systems on the irrevocable offer provisions. Then leads to the author's point of view on irrevocable offer. The third part of the article in-depth analysis of the civil law in the civil law of Germany for irrevocable offer provisions. On the other hand, from the Anglo-American legal system on the offer theory for the irrevocable offer from scratch to the development process, analyzes the modern efficiency of breach of contract theory of the defects. For the modern analytical school of research perspective to make an objective analysis, out of a separate economic value measurement system, the article focuses on how to learn from the economic theory such as opportunity cost. Theoretical analysis of marginal benefit decline to demonstrate the feasibility of irrevocable offer in domestic legislation, but also from the social and economic value of the total value of the calculation and analysis of the two parties to the offer of equal value exchange. Under the basic theory of civil and commercial law, the author chooses to analyze from the perspective of economics, hoping to balance the legislation and implementation of the efficiency and fairness in the realization of offer.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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