论保险合同履行中被保险人之通知义务

发布时间：2018-02-01 19:29

本文关键词： 保险合同被保险人通知义务　出处：《华东政法学院》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 由于社会生活是多变的,在保险合同成立后会发生与保险合同履行相关的各种情况。这些情况对保险人而言很重要,而被保险人是其财产或者人身受保险合同保障,享有保险金请求权的人,控制着保险标的,最为清楚也最为关心保险标的的情况。因此保险法规定了被保险人在合同履行中的一揽子通知义务。这一揽子通知义务是保险法最大诚信原则在保险合同成立后的体现。这些通知义务虽然不是保险合同的主要义务,保险人不能通过诉讼的方式强制其履行,但是这些义务的不履行或不当履行,都会影响被保险人或受益人的利益。我国保险法规定了以下通知义务:危险增加通知义务、重复保险通知义务、合同变更通知义务、出险通知义务。但保险法对各项通知义务的规定存在诸多的缺陷和不完善的地方,使得保险法适用发生许多困扰。此将在以下各部分中讨论。第一部分探讨被保险人通知义务的基础。本文认为法律规定被保险人负通知义务具有现实基础和法理基础。第二部分探讨危险增加通知义务。法律规定被保险人通知义务是为了让保险人知悉保险标的的危险状况,对危险重估,平衡对价关系。而我国保险法对危险增加通知义务认识不清,规定过于简单。故有探讨的必要。第三部分主要探讨重复保险通知义务。重复保险适用保险损害补偿原则,法律规定重复保险主要是为了防止因重复保险导致的超额保险而获利。我国保险法对重复保险作了规定,但是其定义尚有不周延之处。且保险法未规定重复保险未通知的法律后果,使得该通知义务形同虚设。本文通过分析大陆法系和英美法系的相关规定,提出了完善我国保险法的建议。第四部分主要探讨保险合同变更通知义务。这部分包括保险标的转让通知义务和受益人变更通知义务。本文从保险标的转让的原因出发,分析了大陆法系和英美法系的相关立法例。相比较而言,我国保险法规定过于笼统,且未规定保险人在接到通知后应在何期限内作出是否同意的意思表示。这样立法难以保护受让人或继承人的合法利益。受益人变更是被保险人的权利,而法律规定通知义务主要是为了让保险人及时、正确给付保险金,避免因变更产生争议。但是对违反通知的法律后果、可否以遗嘱或合同方式来变更受益人等问题,我国保险法均未能明确,有探讨之必要。第五部分主要探讨了出险通知义务。本文首先探讨了受益人是否为出险通知义务主体。然后通过对大陆法系和英美法系相关规定的研究,指出了我国保险法规定的缺陷,和这一不足产生的危害。从而建议我国保险法应参照我国海商法的规定,从法律上对违反通知义务的法律后果做出统一的规定。
[Abstract]:As the social life is changeable, after the establishment of the insurance contract, there will be a variety of circumstances related to the performance of the insurance contract. These situations are very important to the insurer. And insurant is its property or person is protected by insurance contract, the person that enjoys insurance gold claim right, control insurance mark. The most clear and most concerned about the subject matter of insurance. Therefore, the insurance law stipulates the insured in the performance of the contract in the package of notice obligations. This package of notice obligation is the insurance law of the principle of maximum good faith after the establishment of the insurance contract. These obligations of notification, although not the primary obligations of insurance contracts. The insurer cannot enforce its performance by way of litigation, but these obligations are not performed or improperly performed. All can affect insurant or beneficiary's benefit. Our country insurance law has stipulated the following notice obligation: the risk increases the notice obligation, the duplicate insurance notifies the obligation, the contract change notifies the obligation. However, there are many defects and imperfections in the provisions of the Insurance Law on the obligation of notice, which make the application of the Insurance Law a lot of troubles, which will be discussed in the following parts. The first part discusses the basis of the insured's obligation to notify. The second part discusses the obligation to increase the risk of notification. The law stipulates that the obligation to notify the insured is to let the insurer know the dangerous condition of the subject matter of insurance and to reassess the risk. Balance consideration relation. But our country insurance law to increase the notice duty to the danger is not clear, the stipulation is too simple, therefore has the exploration necessity. The third part mainly discusses the double insurance notice obligation. The duplicate insurance applies the insurance damage compensation principle. The law stipulates that duplicate insurance is mainly to prevent the profit from the excess insurance caused by duplicate insurance. The insurance law of our country has made the stipulation to duplicate insurance. However, its definition is not comprehensive. And the law of insurance does not provide for the legal consequences of duplicate insurance without notice, which makes the obligation of notice virtual. This paper analyzes the relevant provisions of civil law system and common law system. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the insurance law of our country. Part 4th mainly discusses the obligation to notify the change of insurance contract. This part includes the obligation to notify the transfer of the subject matter of insurance and the obligation of the beneficiary to notify the change of the change. This article starts from the reason of the transfer of the subject matter of insurance. Analysis of the civil law system and the Anglo-American legal system of the relevant legislation. Compared with the insurance law of our country, the provisions are too general. And does not specify the insurer in the notice in what time limit should make whether or not the agreement will express. Such legislation is difficult to protect the transferee or the heir's legal interest. The beneficiary change is the insurant's right. But the legal stipulation notifies the obligation is mainly in order to let the insurer in time, correctly gives pays the insurance gold, avoids because of the change produces the dispute. But to violate the notice the legal consequence. Whether the beneficiary can be changed by will or contract is not clear in insurance law of our country. Part 5th mainly discusses the obligation of notice out of risk. Firstly, this paper discusses whether the beneficiary is the subject of the obligation of notice out of risk. Then, through the study of the relevant provisions of the civil law system and the common law system. This paper points out the defects of the insurance law of our country and the harm caused by this deficiency, and suggests that the insurance law of our country should make a unified regulation on the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification according to the provisions of the maritime law of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.284

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