关于无船承运人法律问题的研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 13:53

本文关键词： 无船承运人实际承运人国际货运代理人无船承运业务管理制度　出处：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着我国集装箱运输和国际货物多式联运的蓬勃发展,介于对外贸易和运输行业之间的服务行业也面临着一场深刻的变革。一部分以直接或间接代理人的身份,从事着传统的单证服务、码头服务、海关服务等,这一部分经营者我们称之为“货运代理人”;而另一部分则以事主的身份,分别与托运人和承运人签订合同,签发提单,完全介入到外贸运输的全过程,对于这一部分经营者,我们称之为“无船承运人”。 “无船承运人”是由美国的联邦海事委员会(Federal MaritimeCommission-FMC)创建的。我国《海商法》没有直接规定无船承运人的概念及相关内容,但是近年来,无船承运人队伍不断发展壮大,已成为我国国际货物运输市场中不可或缺的部分。2002年1月1日起正式施行的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》(以下简称《海运条例》)首次提出了无船承运业务的概念,并相应的规定了提单登记制度、保证金制度等,引起了舆论和业界的广泛关注及热烈讨论。2003年1月20日,交通部在《海运条例》的基础上颁布了《中华人民共和国国际海运条例实施细则》(以下简称《海运条例实施细则》),对无船承运业务及其监管进一步作出规定,使之更具可操作性。尽管如此,理论界和实务界对无船承运人的有关法律问题仍存在着不少争议。本文以无船承运人有关法律问题为研究对象。采用比较研究的方法,结合美国《1984年航运法》、《1998年远洋航运改革法》和《跟单信用证统一惯例》以及我国的《海运条例》等法律对我国无船承运业务管理制度的建立、完善以及无船承运人的法律地位和无船承运人提单的法律问题进行了研究。全文共分四章: 第一章对无船承运人的含义作以概述,同时也对无船承运人的业务范围及其特征加以总结。旨在明确无船承运人这一概念虽首见于美国的法律,但其作为一个独立的海运主体在各国海运实践的出现,并非一个延续美国法律的简单过程,而是海运全球化发展的实践结果。第二章也即写作本文的出发点,主要结合《海运条例》对我国无船承运业务管理制度进行分析,指出其有利于整顿我国航运市场的同时还存在其不足之处。并从完善我国无船承运业务管理制度的角度进行了考虑,希望能为政府主管部门的决策提供一些有益的参考。第三章在认定无船承运人法律地位的基础上,主要将无船承运人和实际承运人、公共承运人、船舶经营人、国际货运代理人等相关民事法律主体进行比较分析,以达到进一步识别无船承运人身份之目的。第四章也即本论文的重点章,对无船承运业务中提单的识别、无船承运人提单的性质及其签发方面的有关问题加以阐述,并对解决实践中存在的问题提出一些看法。希望能为实践中无船承运业务的从业人员提供一些参考。通过一定量文献的阅读和研究得出的结论是:无船承运人与承运人的概念并不矛盾;无船承运人与实际承运人、公共承运人、船舶经营人等航运业务中的相关民事法律主体既有联系又有区别;无船承运人与货运代理人是独立并行的概念。本论文明确的界定了无船承运人的定义、特征、法律地位等问题,力求为完善我国的相关法律制度提供有益的参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's container transport and multimodal transport, between foreign trade and transportation service industry is facing a profound change. One part is to directly or indirectly to the agent's identity, engaged in traditional document service, terminal services, customs services, in this part we call operator "freight forwarder"; while the other part to the victim's identity, with the signing of the contract, the shipper and the carrier issuing the bill of lading, fully involved in the whole process of foreign trade transportation, for this part of the operator, this is called "NVOCC".
"NVOCC" by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission (Federal MaritimeCommission-FMC) created. China Maritime Law > < does not directly regulate the concept of NVOCC and related content, but in recent years, development of NVOCC team, has become China's international cargo transport market in the year January 1st an integral part of.2002 since the formal implementation of the "People's Republic of China international shipping Ordinance (hereinafter referred to as the" Regulations ") for the first time put forward the concept of NVOCC, and the corresponding provisions of the registration system of bill of lading, margin system, caused a public and industry wide attention and heated discussion.2003 in January 20th, the Ministry of transportation on the basis of maritime regulations." on the promulgation of the rules for the implementation of "Regulations of People's Republic of China international shipping (hereinafter referred to as the" rules for the implementation of the regulations), the business of NVOCC and its regulation A step is made to make it more operable. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of controversy between the theorists and the practical circles on the legal issues of the NVOCC.
In this paper, NVOCC related legal issues as the research object. Using the method of comparative study, combined with the United States <1984 Shipping Law >, establish <1998 Ocean Shipping Reform Act "and" uniform customs and Practice for Documentary Credits "and China's" maritime regulations > law NVOCC business management system of our country, the law the status and perfection of NVOCC and NVOCC bill of lading legal issues were studied.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
In the first chapter, the meaning of NVOCC, summarized and summed up the characteristics and scope of business of NVOCC. In order to clear the concept of NVOCC was first seen in American law, but as an independent subject in the world ocean shipping practice from now, not a continuation of the laws of the United States the simple process, but the shipping practice result of globalization.
The second chapter is the starting point of writing this article, mainly with the regulations of our country < > NVOCC business management system to carry on the analysis, pointed out that it is conducive to rectify China's shipping market also has its shortcomings. And carried out from perfecting the NVOCC business management system of our country's point of view, hope to provide some useful reference for the government department in charge of the decision.
The third chapter based on the recognition of the legal status of NVOCC, NVOCC and the actual carrier, common carrier, ship operator, freight forwarder civil legal subject for comparative analysis, in order to achieve the purpose of further recognition of carrier status.
The fourth chapter is the major part of this thesis, the recognition of the bill of lading NVOCC business, the nature of NVOCC bill of lading and issue the relevant issues are elaborated, and puts forward some opinions on solving the problems in practice. Hope to provide some reference for the business of NVOCC in the practice of practitioners.
Through documents reading and the conclusion is: the concept of NVOCC and the carrier are not contradictory; the non vessel carrier and actual carrier, common carrier, ship operator, shipping business in the relevant civil law subjects have both similarities and differences; NVOCC and freight forwarder is the concept of independent parallel. On the clear definition of NVOCC, characteristics, legal status, and strive to provide a useful reference for perfecting our country's legal system.

【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】