论我国票据质押法律制度

发布时间：2018-02-03 11:46

本文关键词： 票据质押物权法票据法票据行为票据转质　出处：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：票据质押贷款是银行信贷业务中一种较常见的担保形式。近年来，票据质押因其流动性强、安全性高、设定程序简单等特点而备受亲睐，但票据质押因质押标的的特殊性跨越民法和商法两大领域，《物权法》、《担保法》及相关司法解释和《票据法》及相关司法解释均对其做了规定，而现行的法律对票据质押的规定过于笼统，且存在对同一问题规定不一致的现象，理论界和实务界对票据质押的相关问题产生了诸多争议和纠纷，这些问题的存在严重影响了票据信用融资功能的充分发挥。实践中，质押背书是票据质押的生效要件还是对抗要件，设质背书是票据行为还是一般民事法律行为，债权、转让受限的票据以及支票能否成为质押的标的，设质票据能否再行转让等都是票据质押制度中亟需明确的问题。解决争议的关键在于对票据质押的种类进行正确划分从而正确地适用法律。票据质押并非如部分学者所言，仅能以质押背书的方式设定，从立法目的、社会商业交往实践和国外立法例等方面来看，，票据质押可采取背书和合同两种方式，因此，应从《物权法》和《票据法》两个角度去解读票据质押制度。《票据法》规定票据质押应背书并记载“质押”字样，设质背书是票据行为，票据法上的票据质押以质押背书为生效要件；《物权法》规定票据质权依合同加交付即可设定，以债权、转让受限的票据设定的质押，虽不能产生票据法上的效力，但可以成立物权法上的票据质押，同时，依权利质权可准用动产质权的规定这一规则，票据质押也应可以适用包括责任转质和承诺转质在内的转质制度。
[Abstract]:Bill pledge loan is a relatively common form of guarantee in bank credit business. In recent years, bill pledge has attracted much attention because of its strong liquidity, high security, simple procedure and so on. But because of the particularity of the pledge object, the bill pledge transcends the two major fields of civil law and commercial law, the property law, the guaranty law, the relevant judicial interpretation, the negotiable instrument law and the relevant judicial interpretation all have made the stipulation to it. But the current law on bill pledge is too general, and there are inconsistent provisions on the same issue, the theoretical and practical circles of the bill pledge related issues have produced a lot of disputes and disputes. The existence of these problems has seriously affected the full play of the function of credit financing. In practice, the pledge endorsement is the effective or countervailing elements of the bill pledge. Pledge endorsement is an act of bill or a general civil law act, creditor's rights, negotiable instrument and check can become the object of pledge. Whether the negotiable instrument can be transferred again is an urgent problem in the system of bill pledge. The key to resolving the dispute lies in the correct division of the type of the instrument pledge and the correct application of the law. The bill pledge is not part of it. What scholars say. Can only be set by pledge endorsement, from the legislative purposes, social and commercial exchanges practice and foreign legislation, the bill pledge can be adopted by endorsement and contract two ways, so. The system of bill pledge should be interpreted from the angle of "Real right Law" and "negotiable instrument Law", which stipulates that the bill pledge should be endorsed and the words "pledge" be recorded, and pledge endorsement is the act of bill. The pledge of negotiable instrument in the negotiable instrument law takes the pledge endorsement as the effective condition; The "property Law" stipulates that the pledge right of negotiable instrument can be set up according to contract and delivery, and the pledge set up by creditor's rights and negotiable instrument limited by transfer can not produce the validity of negotiable instrument law, but it can establish the pledge of bill in property law, at the same time. According to the rule that the pledge of rights may be applied to the pledge of movable property, the pledge of a bill should also be subject to the system of transposing including the pledge of responsibility and the pledge of promise.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.287;D923.2

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